The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna

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dc.contributor.authorAjith, Parameswaranen
dc.contributor.authorSeoane, Pau Amaroen
dc.contributor.authorSedda, Manuel Arcaen
dc.contributor.authorArcodia, Riccardoen
dc.contributor.authorBadaracco, Francescaen
dc.contributor.authorBanerjee, Biswajiten
dc.contributor.authorBelgacem, Enisen
dc.contributor.authorBenetti, Giovannien
dc.contributor.authorBenetti, Stefanoen
dc.contributor.authorBobrick, Alexeyen
dc.contributor.authorBonforte, Alessandroen
dc.contributor.authorBortolas, Elisaen
dc.contributor.authorBraito, Valentinaen
dc.contributor.authorBranchesi, Maricaen
dc.contributor.authorBurrows, Adamen
dc.contributor.authorCappellaro, Enricoen
dc.contributor.authorCeca, Roberto Dellaen
dc.contributor.authorChakraborty, Chandrachuren
dc.contributor.authorSubrahmanya, Shreevathsa Chalathadkaen
dc.contributor.authorCoughlin, Michael W.en
dc.contributor.authorCovino, Stefanoen
dc.contributor.authorDerdzinski, Andreaen
dc.contributor.authorDoshi, Aayushien
dc.contributor.authorFalanga, Maurizioen
dc.contributor.authorFoffa, Stefanoen
dc.contributor.authorFranchini, Alessiaen
dc.contributor.authorFrigeri, Alessandroen
dc.contributor.authorFutaana, Yoshifumien
dc.contributor.authorGerberding, Oliveren
dc.contributor.authorGill, Kiranjyoten
dc.contributor.authorGiovanni, Matteo Dien
dc.contributor.authorGiudice, Ines Francescaen
dc.contributor.authorGiustini, Margheritaen
dc.contributor.authorGläser, Philippen
dc.contributor.authorHarms, Janen
dc.contributor.authorvan Heijningen, Jorisen
dc.contributor.authorIacovelli, Francescoen
dc.contributor.authorKavanagh, Bradley J.en
dc.contributor.authorKawamura, Taichien
dc.contributor.authorKenath, Arunen
dc.contributor.authorKeppler, Elisabeth Adelheiden
dc.contributor.authorKobayashi, Chiakien
dc.contributor.authorKomatsu, Goroen
dc.contributor.authorKorol, Valeriyaen
dc.contributor.authorKrishnendu, N. V.en
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Prayushen
dc.contributor.authorLongo, Francescoen
dc.contributor.authorMaggiore, Micheleen
dc.contributor.authorMancarella, Micheleen
dc.contributor.authorMaselli, Andreaen
dc.contributor.authorMastrobuono-Battisti, Alessandraen
dc.contributor.authorMazzarini, Francescoen
dc.contributor.authorMelandri, Andreaen
dc.contributor.authorMelini, Danieleen
dc.contributor.authorMenina, Sabrinaen
dc.contributor.authorMiniutti, Giovannien
dc.contributor.authorMitra, Deeshanien
dc.contributor.authorMorán-Fraile, Javieren
dc.contributor.authorMukherjee, Suvodipen
dc.contributor.authorMuttoni, Niccolòen
dc.contributor.authorOlivieri, Marcoen
dc.contributor.authorOnori, Francescaen
dc.contributor.authorPapa, Maria Alessandraen
dc.contributor.authorPatat, Ferdinandoen
dc.contributor.authorPerali, Andreaen
dc.contributor.authorPiran, Tsvien
dc.contributor.authorPiranomonte, Silviaen
dc.contributor.authorPol, Alberto Roperen
dc.contributor.authorPookkillath, Masroor C.en
dc.contributor.authorPrasad, R.en
dc.contributor.authorPrasad, Vaishaken
dc.contributor.authorRosa, Alessandra Deen
dc.contributor.authorChowdhury, Sourav Royen
dc.contributor.authorSerafinelli, Robertoen
dc.contributor.authorSesana, Albertoen
dc.contributor.authorSevergnini, Paolaen
dc.contributor.authorStallone, Angelaen
dc.contributor.authorTissino, Jacopoen
dc.contributor.authorTkalčić, Hrvojeen
dc.contributor.authorTomasella, Linaen
dc.contributor.authorToscani, Martinaen
dc.contributor.authorVartanyan, Daviden
dc.contributor.authorVignali, Cristianen
dc.contributor.authorZaccarelli, Luciaen
dc.contributor.authorZeoli, Morganeen
dc.contributor.authorZuccarello, Lucianoen
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-31T07:31:36Z
dc.date.available2025-05-31T07:31:36Z
dc.date.issued2025-01-28en
dc.description.abstractThe Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis article has benefited from the program Lunar Gravitational-Wave Detection (ICTS / LGWD2023/04) organised by the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS), Bengaluru, India. AS acknowledges the financial support provided under the European Union\u2019s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant \u201CBinary Massive Black Hole Astrophysics\u201D (B Massive, Grant Agreement: 818691). GM is supported by grant No. PID2020-115325GB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103. MManc is supported by ERC Starting Grant No. 945155-GWmining, Cariplo Foundation Grant No. 2021-0555, MUR PRIN Grant No. 2022-Z9X4XS, and the ICSC National Research Centre funded by NextGenerationEU. The work of MManc received support from the French government under the France 2030 investment plan, as part of the Initiative d\u2019Excellence d\u2019Aix-Marseille Universit\u00E9 \u2014 A*MIDEX AMX-22-CEI-02. TP\u2019s work is supported by an advanced ERC grant MultiJets. The work of MMagg is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grants 200020_191957 and CRSII5_213497; SF, FI and NM are supported by the SNSF grant 200020_191957; EB is supported by the SNSF grant CRSII5_213497. ARP is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF Ambizione grant no. 182044). RA was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant #HST-HF2-51499.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. MWC acknowledges supportfrom the National Science Foundation (NSF) with grant numbers PHY-2010970 and PHY-2117997. AM acknowledges financial support from MUR PRIN Grant No. 2022-Z9X4XS, funded by the European Union \u2014 Next Generation EU. CC acknowledges the support of P Sreekumar and the LGWA discussion meeting hosted by the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India, in April 2023. MAS acknowledges funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101025436 (project GRACE-BH, PI: Manuel Arca Sedda). MAS acknowledge financial support from the MERAC Foundation. OG is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy \u2014 EXC 2121 \u201CQuantum Universe\u201D \u2014 390833306. SCS is funded by the Deutsches Zentrum f\u00FCr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) with funding from the Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz under project reference 50OQ2302. RS acknowledges support from the agreement ASI-INAF eXTPFase B \u2014 2020-3-HH.1-2021 and the INAF-PRIN grant \u201CA systematic Study of the largest reservoir of baryons and metals in the Universe: the circumgalactic medium of galaxies\u201D (No. 1.05.01.85.10). FO acknowledges support from MIUR, PRIN 2020 (grant 2020KB33TP) \u201CMultimessenger astronomy in the Einstein Telescope Era (METE)\u201D. PS, RDC, RS, CV, ADR, VB acknowledge a financial contribution from the Bando Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2022 Large Grant, \u2018Dual and binary supermassive black holes in the multi-messenger era: from galaxy mergers to gravitational waves\u2019. MG is supported by the \u201CPrograma de Atracci\u00F3n de Talento\u201D of the Comunidad de Madrid, grant number 2022-5A/TIC-24235. The work of SM is a part of the \u27E8data|theory\u27E9 Universe-Lab which is supported by the TIFR and theDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of India. MZ is funded by the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) under projet de recherche STELLAR (T.0022.22). AB acknowledges support for this project from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 865932-ERC-SNeX. PA, NVK, PK, RPand VP were supported by the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under Project No. RTI4001. AMB acknowledges funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement No 895174. DV acknowledges support from the NASA Hubble Fellowship Program grantHST-HF2-51520. M.T. acknowledges support from MUR through the FARE 2020 scheme, project \u2018B Massive-LISA\u2019, code: R203NMYZJ5.en
dc.description.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.format.extent167en
dc.identifier.otherScopus:85217886740en
dc.identifier.otherORCID:/0000-0001-7072-490X/work/183511744en
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85217886740&partnerID=8YFLogxKen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733756234
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsPublisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)en
dc.sourceJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physicsen
dc.subjectgravitational wave detectorsen
dc.subjectgravitational waves / sourcesen
dc.titleThe Lunar Gravitational-wave Antennaen
dc.typeJournal articleen
local.contributor.affiliationAjith, Parameswaran; Tata Institute of Fundamental Researchen
local.contributor.affiliationSeoane, Pau Amaro; Polytechnic University of Valenciaen
local.contributor.affiliationSedda, Manuel Arca; Gran Sasso Science Instituteen
local.contributor.affiliationArcodia, Riccardo; Massachusetts Institute of Technologyen
local.contributor.affiliationBadaracco, Francesca; University of Genoaen
local.contributor.affiliationBanerjee, Biswajit; Gran Sasso Science Instituteen
local.contributor.affiliationBelgacem, Enis; University of Genevaen
local.contributor.affiliationBenetti, Giovanni; University of Paduaen
local.contributor.affiliationBenetti, Stefano; Astronomical Observatory of Paduaen
local.contributor.affiliationBobrick, Alexey; Technion-Israel Institute of Technologyen
local.contributor.affiliationBonforte, Alessandro; Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologiaen
local.contributor.affiliationBortolas, Elisa; University of Milan - Bicoccaen
local.contributor.affiliationBraito, Valentina; Osservatorio Astronomico di Breraen
local.contributor.affiliationBranchesi, Marica; Gran Sasso Science Instituteen
local.contributor.affiliationBurrows, Adam; Princeton Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationCappellaro, Enrico; Astronomical Observatory of Paduaen
local.contributor.affiliationCeca, Roberto Della; Osservatorio Astronomico di Breraen
local.contributor.affiliationChakraborty, Chandrachur; Manipal Academy of Higher Educationen
local.contributor.affiliationSubrahmanya, Shreevathsa Chalathadka; University of Hamburgen
local.contributor.affiliationCoughlin, Michael W.; University of Minnesota Twin Citiesen
local.contributor.affiliationCovino, Stefano; Osservatorio Astronomico di Breraen
local.contributor.affiliationDerdzinski, Andrea; Fisk Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationDoshi, Aayushi; Rice Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationFalanga, Maurizio; International Space Science Instituteen
local.contributor.affiliationFoffa, Stefano; University of Genevaen
local.contributor.affiliationFranchini, Alessia; National Institute for Nuclear Physicsen
local.contributor.affiliationFrigeri, Alessandro; National Institute for Astrophysicsen
local.contributor.affiliationFutaana, Yoshifumi; Swedish Institute of Space Physicsen
local.contributor.affiliationGerberding, Oliver; University of Hamburgen
local.contributor.affiliationGill, Kiranjyot; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysicsen
local.contributor.affiliationGiovanni, Matteo Di; University of Rome La Sapienzaen
local.contributor.affiliationGiudice, Ines Francesca; University of Naples Federico IIen
local.contributor.affiliationGiustini, Margherita; European Space Astronomy Centreen
local.contributor.affiliationGläser, Philipp; Technical University of Berlinen
local.contributor.affiliationHarms, Jan; Gran Sasso Science Instituteen
local.contributor.affiliationvan Heijningen, Joris; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdamen
local.contributor.affiliationIacovelli, Francesco; University of Genevaen
local.contributor.affiliationKavanagh, Bradley J.; Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)en
local.contributor.affiliationKawamura, Taichi; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSen
local.contributor.affiliationKenath, Arun; Christ University, Bangaloreen
local.contributor.affiliationKeppler, Elisabeth Adelheid; University of Triesteen
local.contributor.affiliationKobayashi, Chiaki; University of Hertfordshireen
local.contributor.affiliationKomatsu, Goro; Gabriele d'Annunzio Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationKorol, Valeriya; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysicsen
local.contributor.affiliationKrishnendu, N. V.; Tata Institute of Fundamental Researchen
local.contributor.affiliationKumar, Prayush; Tata Institute of Fundamental Researchen
local.contributor.affiliationLongo, Francesco; University of Triesteen
local.contributor.affiliationMaggiore, Michele; University of Genevaen
local.contributor.affiliationMancarella, Michele; University of Milan - Bicoccaen
local.contributor.affiliationMaselli, Andrea; Gran Sasso Science Instituteen
local.contributor.affiliationMastrobuono-Battisti, Alessandra; GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentationen
local.contributor.affiliationMazzarini, Francesco; Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologiaen
local.contributor.affiliationMelandri, Andrea; Osservatorio Astronomico Romaen
local.contributor.affiliationMelini, Daniele; Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologiaen
local.contributor.affiliationMenina, Sabrina; Université PSLen
local.contributor.affiliationMiniutti, Giovanni; European Space Astronomy Centreen
local.contributor.affiliationMitra, Deeshani; University of Calcuttaen
local.contributor.affiliationMorán-Fraile, Javier; Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studiesen
local.contributor.affiliationMukherjee, Suvodip; Tata Institute of Fundamental Researchen
local.contributor.affiliationMuttoni, Niccolò; University of Genevaen
local.contributor.affiliationOlivieri, Marco; Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologiaen
local.contributor.affiliationOnori, Francesca; National Institute for Astrophysicsen
local.contributor.affiliationPapa, Maria Alessandra; Leibniz University Hannoveren
local.contributor.affiliationPatat, Ferdinando; European Southern Observatoryen
local.contributor.affiliationPerali, Andrea; University of Camerinoen
local.contributor.affiliationPiran, Tsvi; Hebrew University of Jerusalemen
local.contributor.affiliationPiranomonte, Silvia; Osservatorio Astronomico Romaen
local.contributor.affiliationPol, Alberto Roper; University of Genevaen
local.contributor.affiliationPookkillath, Masroor C.; Mahidol Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationPrasad, R.; Tata Institute of Fundamental Researchen
local.contributor.affiliationPrasad, Vaishak; Tata Institute of Fundamental Researchen
local.contributor.affiliationRosa, Alessandra De; National Institute for Astrophysicsen
local.contributor.affiliationChowdhury, Sourav Roy; Southern Federal Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationSerafinelli, Roberto; Osservatorio Astronomico Romaen
local.contributor.affiliationSesana, Alberto; University of Milan - Bicoccaen
local.contributor.affiliationSevergnini, Paola; Osservatorio Astronomico di Breraen
local.contributor.affiliationStallone, Angela; Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologiaen
local.contributor.affiliationTissino, Jacopo; Gran Sasso Science Instituteen
local.contributor.affiliationTkalčić, Hrvoje; Research School of Earth Sciences, ANU College of Science and Medicine, The Australian National Universityen
local.contributor.affiliationTomasella, Lina; Astronomical Observatory of Paduaen
local.contributor.affiliationToscani, Martina; University of Milan - Bicoccaen
local.contributor.affiliationVartanyan, David; Carnegie Institution of Washingtonen
local.contributor.affiliationVignali, Cristian; University of Bolognaen
local.contributor.affiliationZaccarelli, Lucia; Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologiaen
local.contributor.affiliationZeoli, Morgane; Université catholique de Louvainen
local.contributor.affiliationZuccarello, Luciano; Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologiaen
local.identifier.citationvolume2025en
local.identifier.doi10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108en
local.identifier.purec73d76ce-ff3b-4ea7-b701-441bb3c47f94en
local.type.statusPublisheden

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