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Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , The Sri Lankan Economy: The Sovereign Debt Crisis, Imf-Supported Stabilization, and Beyond(Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, ANU Crawford School of Public Policy, 2026-10-02) Prema-chandra AthukoralaThis paper contributes to the international policy discourse on sovereign debt crises and IMF-supported stabilization reforms in emerging market and developing economies in the post-COVID-19 era through a case study of Sri Lanka. It examines the origins of Sri Lanka’s unprecedented sovereign debt crisis in the aftermath of the pandemic, the process of economic stabilization under the IMF’s Extended Fund Facility (EFF) programme, and the development challenges facing the country beyond the crisis. Sri Lanka’s stabilization performance under the EFF programme has so far been encouraging. However, the evidence presented in this paper suggests that the programme is likely to conclude with a substantial debt overhung and persistent external payments pressures. Achieving sustained and equitable growth while carrying this heavy debt burden will remain a formidable development challenge. Placing the economy on a self-sustaining growth path beyond the stabilization phase requires complementing the standard IMF approach to macroeconomic stabilization with coherent structural reforms that address the fundamental imbalances underlying the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Maternal and Indoor Smoking Are Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection in Under-Five Children: A Meta-Analysis of National Survey Data from Eight Asia-Pacific Countries(2026) Odo, Daniel Bogale; Dinku, Yonatan; Yadav, Uday; Shifti, Desalegn Markos; Mengesha, Zelalem ; Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah; Prasad Sapkota, Bhim ; Maddox, RaglanBackground: Early exposure to tobacco smoke can harm children’s developing respiratory systems, increasing the risk of acute and long-term health consequences. This study examined the association of maternal and indoor smoking with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in under-five children living in eight Asia-Pacific countries. Methods: We analysed Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2015 and 2022. A logistic regression model was fitted separately to each country’s data to obtain the odds of ARI in children for maternal tobacco use, daily indoor smoking, and occasional indoor smoking. Then, a meta-analysis using the Der Simonian and Laird method was used to obtain a pooled odds ratio (pOR) of ARI across the included countries. Results: We included a weighted sample of 302,841 children, among whom the prevalence of ARI was 4.12% (95% CI: 4.05, 4.19). The pooled prevalence of maternal tobacco use and daily indoor smoking was 3.45% (95% CI: 3.38, 3.51) and 29.61% (95% CI: 29.45, 29.77), respectively. In random-effects meta-analyses, exposure to daily indoor smoking (pOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.25) and occasional indoor smoking (pOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.35) were both associated with increased odds of ARI, as was maternal tobacco use (pOR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.31). Conclusions: Secondhand smoke exposure was associated with higher odds of ARI among under-five children, underscoring the need for smoke-free home policies across Asia-Pacific countries, particularly as the tobacco industry expands marketing and lobbying against such policies in low-income settingsItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Using the past to map out the future of occupational health and safety research: where do we go from here?(2020-01-02) Fan, Di; Zhu, Cherrie Jiuhua; Timming, Andrew R.; Su, Yiyi; Huang, Xinli; Lu, YingThe purpose of this study is to take stock of the extant research on occupational health and safety (OHS) with the aim of identifying gaps and mapping out a future research agenda for human resource management (HRM) scholars. A comprehensive review of OHS research from 1956 to 2019 was first conducted. A total of 564 articles from 17 leading journals were then identified and categorized into five distinct, yet inter-related, themes: (1) antecedents and work-related factors influencing OHS; (2) industrial policy and regulations surrounding OHS; (3) OHS management practices; (4) approaches to, and models of, managing OHS and (5) outcomes of OHS management. The review also discusses OHS research methodologies and design foci. Overall, we found that OHS research is poorly integrated into the field of HRM, and we identify a plethora of opportunities for HR researchers to add value to this field of research. A future agenda is formulated, encompassing new OHS theory-building, novel directions for empirical research, and innovations in research design and methodology.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , How EMNEs choose location for strategic asset seeking in internationalization?: Based on strategy tripod framework(2019-07-31) Gao, Qiuling; Li, Zijie; Huang, XinliPurpose: Based on the strategy tripod perspective, this study aims to address how emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) make a strategic decision of choosing a foreign location for their strategic asset seeking and under what mechanism EMNEs make foreign direct investment (FDI) location choice. Design/methodology/approach: This paper first reviews the literature on strategy tripod and strategic asset seeking strategy of EMNEs. Then, six cases of Chinese multinational enterprises operating in manufacturing industry have been introduced, emphasizing on interactions within three dimensions of strategy tripod framework, namely, resource-based dimension, industry-based dimension and institution-based dimension. By triangulating with multiple sources of archival and interview data, this paper identified a conceptual model presenting location choice mechanisms. Findings: Based on a comparative multi-case study, four mechanisms of EMNEs’ location choice when seek strategic asset by FDI within a strategy tripod framework have been revealed. Specifically, EMNEs make their strategic decision of choosing a foreign location for their strategic asset seeking under mechanisms of seeking complementary resources based on industry characteristics; echoing with institutional dimension of home country when exploitation of resource; matching institutional dimension of host country when consider industry fitness; and institutional leveraging combined with understanding of resource and industry dimensions inside strategy tripod. Originality/value: The findings shed novel insights into the mechanisms under which EMNEs choose their location for strategic asset-seeking FDI. It also broadens the strategy tripod framework by looking deeper into the characteristics of each dimension within a new research context of EMNEs’ FDI location choice.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Varieties of institutional systems, the belt-road initiative, and the patterned investment flows(2023) Fan, Di; Zhang, Ya'nan; Huang, Xinli; Su, YiyiAlthough the Belt-Road initiative (BRI), as a ‘model’ government initiative, has attracted great attention from both academia and industry, one central question related to the location choice of Chinese investment remains under-researched. Our study is motivated to reveal how institutional configurations of BRI participant countries that lead to a high volume of Chinese outward investment vary with the BRI. Utilizing the varieties of institutional systems (VIS) framework, we compare two Waves (2008–2013 and 2014–2019) of Chinese outward investment flows into 120 BRI participant countries. Using institutional elements—the roles of the state, financial markets, human capital, social trust, and corporate governance—as a holistic lens, some intriguing findings of patterned Chinese outward investment are observed. Instead of a single best form of institutional environment, various combinations of institutional arrangements are equally effective, but they differ subtly before and after the BRI in attracting Chinese outward investment. Four prototypes of institutional configurations of BRI participant countries are identified, including configurations with compatible institutional settings, institutional voids, ‘idealistic’ VIS conditions, and emerging institutional elements. Corresponding propositions are proposed for future theoretical advancement.