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Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Declining severe fire activity on managed lands in Equatorial Asia(2022) Sloan, Sean; Locatelli, Bruno; Andela, Niels; Cattau, Megan E.; Gaveau, David; Tacconi, LucaFire activity is declining globally due to intensifying land management, but trends remain uncertain for the humid tropics, particularly Equatorial Asia. Here, we report that rates of fire events deemed severe (≥75th severity percentile of 2002-2019) and very severe (≥90th percentile) for Indonesia declined 19-27% and 23-34% over 2002-2019, respectively, controlling for precipitation, where fire-event severity is given by total fire radiative power and duration. The severity of seasonal fire activity – a measure of extremeness – declined 16% in Sumatra and moderately elsewhere. Declines concentrated over mosaic croplands and nearby forest, accounting for one-fifth and one-quarter of fire activity, respectively, with each class contracting 11% amongst severe fire events. Declines were limited over mosaic lands with relatively limited cropping, despite accounting for a similar extent and one-fifth share of fire activity. Declines had an uncertain association with agricultural development but seemingly reflect related political and economic forces for economic and environmental security.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , DISCORD: Enhancing knowledge distillation via cross-chain of thought and optimal transport alignment between models with different tokenizers(2026-10-09) Hai, Nam Le; Le, Anh Duc; Vu, Tu; Van, Linh NgoLarge Language Models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance across various NLP tasks but face deployment challenges due to high computational costs and memory constraints. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution, transferring knowledge from large teacher models to smaller student models. However, existing KD methods often assume shared vocabularies and tokenizers, limiting their flexibility. While approaches like MultiLevelOT, Universal Logit Distillation (ULD) and Dual-Space Knowledge Distillation (DSKD) address vocabulary mismatches, they overlook the critical reasoning-aware distillation aspect. To bridge this gap, we propose DISCORD, a universal KD framework that integrates Chain-of-Thought (CoT) augmentation and introduces Cross-CoT Alignment to enhance reasoning transfer. Additionally, we extend Optimal Transport beyond token-wise alignment to a sequence-level and layer-wise alignment approach that adapts to varying sequence lengths while preserving contextual integrity. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that DISCORD outperforms existing KD methods across different vocabulary settings, improving reasoning capabilities and robustness in both domain-specific and cross-task scenarios.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Nudging Alcohol Moderation via Excise Tax Reform: The Case of Beer in Australia(2025) Anderson, KymAustralia taxes alcohol consumption more than most other affluent economies. A switch to low-alcohol beer has been encouraged in Australia by it being subject to a lower rate of excise tax than regular beer, but no such incentive applies to packaged mid-strength beer. Would more or less alcohol be consumed if the tax rates for mid-strength beer were lowered, for example to those for low-strength beer? This study estimates changes in demand that could result from such a policy change. It finds that alcohol consumption from each of beer, wine and spirits could fall, but by only a little more than 1% in total.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Lithium-Germanium Alloy Interfaces for Efficient Low-Pressure Ammonia Synthesis(2026-07-27) Yang, Weijian; Li, Pengju; Duanmu, Kaining; Zhao, Zijian; Tian, Limei; Zhai, Dan Dan; Sherman, Benjamin D.; Humphrey, Mark G.; Shi, Zhang Jie; Zhang, Chi; Hu, KeThe lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (Li-NRR) offers a sustainable pathway for ammonia synthesis, providing a viable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. While most prior studies focused on solution-phase optimization, we introduce a transformative electrode engineering strategy via the rational design of triethylammonium germanate-modified copper (Cu/TEG) electrodes. Multi-technique characterization reveals the formation of the Li15Ge4 alloy during the Li-NRR. Electrochemical measurements combined with DFT calculations demonstrate that the Li15Ge4 alloy simultaneously facilitates lithium deposition and shifts the N2 adsorption energy more exothermic. Most importantly, this interfacial engineering enables a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of up to 92.5% at an unprecedented N2 pressure as low as 4 bar and with minimal overpotential relative to the onset of lithium deposition. This synergy minimizes energy losses, achieving the highest reported pseudo-energy efficiency value (17.6%) in a batch cell to the best of our knowledge. Overall, this work establishes dual-function interfacial engineering via lithium-germanium alloy formation as a breakthrough strategy, moving beyond conventional solution-phase optimization to provide a new approach for efficient electrochemical nitrogen fixation.Item type: Item , Access status: Restricted , Some inherent conflicts of interest between domestic anti-dumping legislation in the United States and Australia and their international obligations(1983) Birgin, Clare.My primary concern in this paper will be with current legal problems surrounding, firstly, the implementation by States of their international obligations, and secondly the implementation by States of their obligations towards their own nationals.