ANU Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/26

The Australian National University's Research Publications collection is an online location for collecting, preserving and disseminating the scholarly output of the University. This service allows members of the University to share their research with the wider community. ANU Open Research accepts journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, working or technical papers and other forms of scholarly communication.

FINDING WORKS: To find a work in this collection, enter a search term into the text box and click on Search or select one of the 'Browse by' options (Author, Title, Subject, Issue Date or Type).

CONTRIBUTING WORKS: If you have an item you wish to submit, please do so through the Contribute page.

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 134633

Access status: Embargo ,
Young people’s interest in a Defence career: Findings from Waves 1-3 of the GENERATION study
(The Australian National University, 2026-03-31) Arnup, Jessica; Edwards, Ben; Doery, Kate
This report investigates the factors shaping young Australians’ plans to join the Australian Defence Force (ADF). There is a current need to increase the numbers of the ADF. Using nationally representative longitudinal data from the GENERATION Study, this report examines the characteristics of senior secondary students who plan to join the ADF after finishing school. Seven percent of Year 10 students reported plans to join the ADF. Having parents who want the young person to join the ADF was the strongest predictor of plans to join the ADF. Having parents employed in the ADF, having parents born in Australia, being male, and having friends with ADF aspirations were also associated with plans to join the ADF. Young people with Realistic, Enterprising, Engineering, or Physical Science career interests were more likely to plan to join the ADF. The findings highlight the influential role of families, peers, and career preferences, suggesting recruitment approaches should engage broader social and educational contexts to effectively attract and retain future ADF personnel.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Advancing low-emission rice farming in Vietnam: a government-led carbon market approach
(2026-03-18) Do, Thang Nam; Le, Thi Ha Lien; Nguyen, Nhat Mai; Chu, Long
Decarbonising rice farming is pivotal for Vietnam’s pursuit of net-zero emissions by 2050 while maintaining its status as a leading global rice exporter. Drawing on qualitative data from surveys of 46 stakeholders–including government, business, and civil society representatives–and expert interviews, this study examines the socio-economic and institutional barriers to the adoption of low-emission rice farming practices. Key barriers include insufficient financial incentives, fragmented land holdings, policy gaps, and underdeveloped monitoring and verification systems. To address these challenges, the study proposes a government-managed Emission Reduction Fund (ERF), financed through carbon tax revenues and emission allowance auctions. The ERF would blend state oversight with performance-based incentives, offering stable income opportunities for farmers and advancing socio-economic equity. Findings highlight the potential of carbon markets not only to reduce agricultural emissions but also to drive sustainable rural development. This study contributes to emerging discussions on financing mechanisms and governance strategies for integrating climate mitigation within agricultural systems, particularly in developing economies.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Tracking the Dynamics of human Colonisation and Adaptation in Central Vanuatu: Preliminary Results From Excavation and Survey at Pangpang, East Efate
(2026-03-17) Bedford, Stuart; Phillip, Iarawai; Sarvanu, Lucas; Willie, Edson; Hawkins, Stuart; Henderson, Robert; Valentin, Frédérique; Seoule, Siri; Nutman, Emily; Parton, Phillip
In October 2022 an extensive archaeological landscape was identified by staff of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre at Pangpang on theeast coast of Efate Island in central Vanuatu. It included midden deposits on the banks of the Pangpang River near the sea at ForariBay where Lapita and Early Erueti-style pottery sherds were recovered. Later Mangaasi-style pottery was found nearby and furtherinland across much of the wider landscape. This is the only location on Efate where the full pottery sequence, and hence 1600 yearsof occupation dating from first arrival, has been identified in a restricted location. Later survey of former settlements across thevalley indicates that the region was heavily populated before European contact. Survey and excavations in 2023 confirmed thatthe wider Pangpang landscape has the potential for tracking the dynamics of first human arrival and subsequent adaptation inCentral Vanuatu over three millennia.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Kwangju: The Historical Watershed
(Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2003) Hwang, Kyung Moon
Access status: Metadata only ,
Enhancing hydrogen storage through processable porous composite membranes
(2025-11-08) Worth, John D.; Griffith, James C.; Ting, Valeska P.; Faul, Charl F.J.
Hydrogen (H2) is a promising energy carrier for decarbonization; however, efficient storage remains a key challenge. Porous materials offer potential for enhanced H2 densification and may enable the development of next-generation lightweight storage systems. A major limitation of such materials is their fine powder form, which hampers retention and processability. In this study, composite membranes comprising a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) matrix and a polytriphenylamine (PTPA)-based conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) filler were developed. The composites are mechanically robust, forming self-standing membranes that retain stability under high temperatures and humidity. H2 storage capacities of the membranes showed excess gravimetric uptakes of 1.03 wt% at 1 bar and 1.84 wt% at 50 bar (77 K), with total capacities reaching 3.22 wt% at 100 bar. These values are significantly higher than those of pristine PIM-1, which achieved 0.87 wt%, 1.64 wt%, and 2.89 wt% under the same conditions. Net adsorption isotherms demonstrate the potential of the composites to outperform conventional compression storage up to 10 bar at 77 K. Additionally, the composites exhibit high mass transfer coefficients (3.42 min−1), indicating strong H2 affinity and faster charging rates compared with the pristine PIM-1 membrane (2.79 min−1).
Access status: Metadata only ,
Biosensors for non-invasive detection of celiac disease biomarkers in body fluids
(2018) Pasinszki, Tibor; Krebsz, Melinda
Celiac disease is a chronic gluten-initiated autoimmune disorder that predominantly damages the mucosa of the small intestine in genetically-susceptible individuals. It affects a large and increasing number of the world’s population. The diagnosis of this disease and monitoring the response of patients to the therapy, which is currently a life-long gluten-free diet, require the application of reliable, rapid, sensitive, selective, simple, and cost-effective analytical tools. Celiac disease biomarker detection in full blood, serum, or plasma offers a non-invasive way to do this and is well-suited to being the first step of diagnosis. Biosensors provide a novel and alternative way to perform conventional techniques in biomarker sensing, in which electrode material and architecture play important roles in achieving sensitive, selective, and stable detection. There are many opportunities to build and modify biosensor platforms using various materials and detection methods, and the aim of the present review is to summarize developments in this field.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Cycloaddition reactions of ICNO
(2009-05-12) Pasinszki, Tibor; Krebsz, Melinda; Hajgató, Balázs
The mechanism and selectivity of cycloaddition reactions of iodonitrile oxide, ICNO, have been studied with theoretical methods for the first time using MR-AQCC coupled-cluster and B3LYP DFT methods. Calculations have predicted that the favoured ICNO dimerisation process is a multi-step reaction to diiodofuroxan involving dinitrosoethylene-like intermediates. The ICNO cycloaddition with nitriles and ethynyl derivatives is a synchronous process favouring the formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,2-oxazole derivatives, respectively. The cycloaddition reactions of ICNO have been studied experimentally by generating ICNO from AgCNO and iodine. Diiodofuroxan is obtained, however, even at the presence of nitriles.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Past Forward: Essays in Korean History
(Anthem Press, 2019) Hwang, Kyung Moon
A wide-ranging collection of concise essays, Past Forward introduces core features of Korean history that illuminate current issues and pressing concerns, including recent political upheavals, social developments and cultural shifts. Adapted from Kyung Moon Hwang's regular columns in the Korea Times of Seoul, the essays present interpretative points concerning historical debates and controversies to generate thinking about the ongoing impact of the past on the present and vice versa: how Korea's present circumstances reflect and shape the evolving understanding of its past. In taking the reader on a compelling journey through history, Past Forward paints a distinctive, fascinating portrait of Korea and Koreans both yesterday and today.
Access status: Metadata only ,
A matrix isolation and computational study of the [C, N, F, S] isomers
(2009) Pasinszki, Tibor; Bazsó, Gábor; Krebsz, Melinda; Tarczay, György
The potential energy surface (PES) of the [C, N, F, S] system was investigated by quantum chemical and experimental methods. Seven minima were located on the ground state PES by density functional and ab initio electronic structure calculations. Four of these isomers, FSCN, FSNC, FCNS and FNCS, have an acyclic structure, while the other three, FC(NS), FS(CN) and FN(SC), form a three-membered fluorine-substituted ring. Out of these seven theoretically predicted isomers, FCNS and FC(NS) were successfully prepared in low-temperature Ar and Kr matrices by photochemical methods. The identification of these species was based on experimental considerations as well as on comparison of their IR spectra to computed anharmonic vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities. The present paper describes not only the first generation of both FCNS and FC(NS) species, but also reports the first time that a substituted CNS ring has been experimentally identified.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Advances in celiac disease testing
(Academic Press Inc., 2019) Pasinszki, T.; Krebsz, Melinda
Celiac disease (CD) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the upper small intestine caused by the ingestion of gluten. It is increasingly recognized as a global problem by experts and societies. The diagnosis of CD is of crucial importance because its delay strongly affects patient's health and quality of life. The diagnosis of CD is, however, complex and requires reliable, sensitive, specific, rapid, simple, and cost-effective, as well-as non-invasive analytical tools. There is also a high demand to develop simple point-of-care (POC) tests for non-specialists at home or in doctors' offices. Analytical techniques are now moving toward the development of fast, more simple, non-invasive, and POC analyses. The present review focuses on recent advances of CD biomarker detection in body fluids, concerning CD specific autoantibody detection in blood and saliva using electrochemical, optic-fiber, and piezoelectric biosensors and POC finger-prick tests, and identifying CD characteristic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine and feces.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Development of Vapor/Gas Sensors from Biopolymer Composites
(Elsevier Inc., 2017) Krebsz, M.; Pasinszki, T.; Tung, T. T.; Losic, D.
Biopolymers, due to their abundance, biocompatibility, and unique properties, are very promising materials for highly selective and sensitive gas and vapor sensors. New research projects are targeting the development of highly specific biopolymer composite receptors and new transducer platforms for developing electrical noses (e-noses) for wide range applications in industry, environmental monitoring, disease monitoring, defense, and public safety. In recent years, gas sensors containing biopolymer films, self-assembled monolayers of biopolymers, carbon nanoparticle-doped biopolymer films, and biopolymers hybridized with conducting organic polymers, as well as carbon nanotubes modified with biopolymers were fabricated and tested for various gases and vapors. Sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and reversibility of biopolymer-based sensors, in general, are respectable, and thus biopolymer-based sensors are challenging traditional inorganic and organic sensors. In this review, the current development and future aspects of the new field of biopolymer gas and vapor sensors are presented.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Covalent cyanates and fulminates
(2011) Pasinszki, Tibor; Krebsz, Melinda
Covalent cyanates are important species in preparative chemistry and widely used as synthetic reagents and building blocks for polymers. Covalent fulminates are hardly studied so far. This review focuses on the synthesis, spectroscopy, structural properties, and synthetic applications of cyanates, X-O-C≡N, and fulminates, X-O-N+≡C-, where the X substituent group is covalently linked to the oxygen atom.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Effect of mono- and divalent extra-framework cations on the structure and the internal surface area of chabazite zeolites
(2023) Doan, Huan V.; Leung, Ka Ming; Sartbaeva, Asel; Ting, Valeska P.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Generation and spectroscopic identification of selenofulminic acid and its methyl and cyano derivatives (XCNSe, X=H, CH <sub>3</sub>, NC)
(2012-02-27) Krebsz, Melinda; Májusi, Gábor; Pacsai, Bálint; Tarczay, György; Pasinszki, Tibor
Evidence for the existence of nitrile selenides, potential 1,3-dipolarophiles in cycloaddition reactions, has been provided by direct spectroscopic methods. The parent nitrile selenide, selenofulminic acid (HCNSe), and its methyl and cyano derivatives have been photolytically generated in an inert solid argon matrix from 1,2,5-selenadiazoles by 280, 254, and 313 nm UV irradiation, respectively, and studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Ground-state geometries have been obtained from quantum-chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Nitrile selenides are predicted to be linear with a relatively weak N-Se bond. Nitrile selenides (XCNSe, X=H, CH 3, CN) were photochemically generated in a low-temperature solid argon matrix and studied by UV and IR spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Linker-driven tuning of pore structure and acidity in Zr-MOFs for paraoxon-methyl hydrolysis and efficient oxidative desulfurization
(2025-12-26) Nguyen, Manh B.; Van Dung, Le; Doan, Tan Le Hoang; Son, Pham Tung; Nayak, Sanjit; Pham, Thi Hai Yen; Ting, Valeska P.; Doan, Huan V.
Background: Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks are promising candidates for catalytic applications due to their high structural stability, tunable porosity, and acidity. However, the influence of organic linkers on their acid site distribution, pore structure, and catalytic activity, particularly in hydrolysis and oxidative desulfurization reactions, has not been fully explored. Methods: A series of Zr-MOFs was synthesized using a microwave-assisted solvothermal method at 100 °C for 30 minutes, reducing reaction times by 20–50 times compared to conventional solvothermal approaches. Structural, textural properties, acidity and defect content were characterized using TEM, BET, NH3-TPD, FTIR-CD3CN, ESR and XPS. The catalytic activity was evaluated for the hydrolysis of paraoxon-methyl (PM) and the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) under mild conditions. The ODS mechanism of DBT and hydrolysis mechanism of PM are proposed based on the identified degradation products by GC–MS/LC-MC, nuclear magnetic resonance and the role of the Lewis acid sites. Significant findings: Organic linker variation significantly affected the pore size (0.83–3.68 nm), surface area (1332–1762 m2 g-1), and acid site distribution. Zr-BTC exhibited the highest Lewis acidity (0.311 mmol g-1) and defect content, achieving complete PM hydrolysis in 2.5 min and 100 % DBT removal within 30 min. Catalytic efficiency strongly correlated with Lewis acid site density modulated by the choice of linker.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Beyond Birth: Social Status in the Emergence of Modern Korea
(Harvard University Asia Center, 2004) Hwang, Kyung Moon
The social structure of contemporary Korea contains strong echoes of the hierarchical principles and patterns governing stratification in the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910): namely, birth and one’s position in the bureaucracy. At the beginning of Korea’s modern era, the bureaucracy continued to exert great influence, but developments undermined, instead of reinforced, aristocratic dominance. Furthermore, these changes elevated the secondary status groups of the Chosŏn dynasty, those who had belonged to hereditary, endogamous tiers of government and society between the aristocracy and the commoners: specialists in foreign languages, law, medicine, and accounting; the clerks who ran local administrative districts; the children and descendants of concubines; the local elites of the northern provinces; and military officials. These groups had languished in subordinate positions in both the bureaucratic and social hierarchies for hundreds of years under an ethos and organization that, based predominantly on family lineage, consigned them to a permanent place below the Chosŏn aristocracy. As the author shows, the political disruptions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, rewarded talent instead of birth. In turn, these groups’ newfound standing as part of the governing elite allowed them to break into, and often dominate, the cultural, literary, and artistic spheres as well as politics, education, and business.
Access status: Metadata only ,
A History of Korea
(Bloomsbury Academic, 2022-03-06) Hwang, Kyung Moon
Dynamic and meticulously researched, A History of Korea continues to be one of the leading introductory textbooks on Korean history. Assuming no prior knowledge, Hwang guides readers from early state formation and the dynastic eras to the modern experience in both North and South Korea. Structured around episodic accounts, each chapter begins by discussing a defining moment in Korean history in context, with an extensive examination of how the events and themes under consideration have been viewed up to the present day. By engaging with recurring themes such as collective identity, external influence, social hierarchy, family and gender, the author introduces the major historical events, patterns and debates that have shaped both North and South Korea over the past 1500 years. This textbook is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Korean or Asian history. The first half of the book covers pre-20th century history, and the second half the modern era, making it ideal for survey courses.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Rationalizing Korea: The Rise of the Modern State, 1894–1945
(University of California Press, 2016) Hwang, Kyung Moon
The first book to explore the institutional, ideological, and conceptual development of the modern state on the peninsula, Rationalizing Korea analyzes the state’s relationship to five social sectors, each through a distinctive interpretive theme: economy (developmentalism), religion (secularization), education (public schooling), population (registration), and public health (disease control). Kyung Moon Hwang argues that while this formative process resulted in a more commanding and systematic state, it was also highly fragmented, socially embedded, and driven by competing, often conflicting rationalizations, including those of Confucian statecraft and legitimation. Such outcomes reflected the acute experience of imperialism, nationalism, colonialism, and other sweeping forces of the era.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Understanding the Factors Determining the Faradaic Efficiency and Rate of the Lithium Redox-Mediated N<sub>2</sub>Reduction to Ammonia
(2021-06-03) Cherepanov, Pavel V.; Krebsz, Melinda; Hodgetts, Rebecca Y.; Simonov, Alexandr N.; Macfarlane, Douglas R.
The lithium mediated reduction of N2 is one of the only available approaches to electrochemical ammonia production at significant yields under ambient conditions. However, much remains to be investigated about the various electrochemical processes and side reactions that are involved. Herein, we have examined the effects of parameters including electrode potential, convection, N2 pressure, and water content to refine and control the process. We demonstrate that a closely linear ammonia yield can be maintained during experiments up to 60 h in length, with approximately constant faradaic efficiency. This steady state operation appears to be preceded by a coating of the electrode surface with the products of the reductive electrolyte decomposition, such as LiF. We demonstrate ammonia yield rates above 1 nmol s-1 cm-2 and faradaic efficiencies as high as 60% through the improved control of the reaction conditions.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Photolysis of dimethylcarbamoyl azide in an argon matrix: Spectroscopic identification of dimethylamino isocyanate and 1,1-dimethyldiazene
(2013-12-06) Pasinszki, Tibor; Krebsz, Melinda; Tarczay, György; Wentrup, Curt
The UV photolysis of dimethylcarbamoyl azide has been investigated in an argon matrix at cryogenic temperatures. The products of the photolysis were identified by infrared spectroscopy supported by quantum-chemical calculations. Sequential formation of dimethylamino isocyanate (Me2N-NCO), 1,1-dimethyldiazene (Me2N=N), and ethane was established. Therefore, the major decomposition channel is identified as Me2NC(O)N 3 → Me2N-NCO → Me2N=N → Me-Me, via consecutive N2, CO, and N2 eliminations. Ground-state geometries, vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and UV excitation energies of the transient dimethylamino isocyanate and 1,1-dimethyldiazene have been computed using the B3LYP and SAC-CI methods and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set.

Browse

Recent Submissions