ANU Research Publications
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The Australian National University's Research Publications collection is an online location for collecting, preserving and disseminating the scholarly output of the University. This service allows members of the University to share their research with the wider community. ANU Open Research accepts journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, working or technical papers and other forms of scholarly communication.
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Item Metadata only 0.1 Hz/√Hz Frequency Stability in a Passive, Optical Fiber Frequency Reference(2021) Zhang, Ya; Bandutunga, Chathura P.; McRae, Terry G.; Gray, Malcolm B.; Chow, Jong H.A digital interferometric fiber frequency reference is demonstrated with frequency stability of 0.1 Hz/√Hz above 100 Hz. The thermal stability is validated using an optical frequency comb, and key noise sources are identified and modeled.Item Metadata only Demonstration of Lossy Linear Transformations and Two-Photon Interference via Singular Value Decomposition(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) White, Simon; Wang, Kai; Szameit, Alexander; Sukhorukov, Andrey A.; Solntsev, Alexander S.Photon-state transformations are the cornerstone of quantum optics. Recently a universal method to treat non-unitary transformations has been proposed [1] - [3], based on singular value decomposition. In this work, we show an experimental demonstration of this approach with non-classical light, by studying the dynamics of photon pairs in a system of coupled waveguides.Item Metadata only A Customer-Oriented Assortment Selection in the Big Data Environment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Saberi, Morteza; Saberi, Zahra; Aasadabadi, Mehdi Rajabi; Hussain, Omar Khadeer; Chang, ElizabethCustomers prefer the availability of a range of products when they shop online. This enables them to identify their needs and select products that best match their desires. This is addressed through assortment planning. Some customers have strong awareness of what they want to purchase and from which provider. When considering customer taste as an abstract concept, such customers’ decisions may be influenced by the existence of the variety of products and the current variant market may affect their initial desire. Previous studies dealing with assortment planning have commonly addressed it from the retailer’s point of view. This paper will provide customers with a ranking method to find what they want. We propose that this provision benefits both the retailer and the customer. This study provides a customer-oriented assortment ranking approach. The ranking model facilitates browsing and exploring the current big market in order to help customers find their desired item considering their own taste. In this study, a scalable and customised multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method is structured and utilised to help customers in the process of finding their most suitable assortment while shopping online. The proposed MCDM method is tailored to fit the big data environment.Item Metadata only Level structure and transition multipolarities of 54Mn(2023) Avaa, A. A.; Kibédi, T.; Jones, P.; Stuchbery, A. E.; Usman, I. T.; Chisapi, M. V.; Dowie, J. T.H.; Wiedeking, M.Excited states up to 3 MeV in the odd-odd 54Mn have been populated in the 54Cr(p,n)54Mn reaction at Ep = 4.5 MeV. Conversion coefficients (αK and απ) were deduced using the NPG method for the first time in 54Mn. Multipolarities were unambiguously assigned in 16 transitions for the first time using the obtained conversion coefficient values. Spin and parity has been restricted for three transitions.Item Metadata only Measurement-based feedback control of linear quantum stochastic systems with quadratic-exponential criteria(2020) Vladimirov, Igor G.; James, Matthew R.; Petersen, Ian R.This paper is concerned with a risk-sensitive optimal control problem for a feedback connection of a quantum plant with a measurement-based classical controller. The plant is a multimode open quantum harmonic oscillator driven by a multichannel quantum Wiener process, and the controller is a linear time invariant system governed by a stochastic differential equation. The control objective is to stabilize the closed-loop system and minimize the infinite-horizon asymptotic growth rate of a quadratic-exponential functional (QEF) which penalizes the plant variables and the controller output. We combine a frequency-domain representation of the QEF growth rate, obtained recently, with variational techniques and establish first-order necessary conditions of optimality for the state-space matrices of the controller.Item Metadata only Qualification of Femtosecond Laser-Written Waveguides for Space Environment(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Piacentini, Simone; Vogl, Tobias; Corrielli, Giacomo; Lam, Ping Koy; Osellame, RobertoSpace-based technologies find in optical quantum communication a challenging and promising application. In fact, quantum networks relying on optical fibers are affected by non negligible losses, and there is no possibility of amplifying quantum states. For this reason, free-space optical transmissions will be necessary for the creation of a world-wide optical quantum network. In this respect, satellite-based quantum technologies represent an appealing implementation [1], [2]. However, during space missions, the equipment should withstand harsh conditions, like exposure to high-energy protons and γ-rays, periodic temperature cycling, vibrations and mechanical shocks. For this reason, it is necessary to qualify any component before sending it into space [3]. Moreover, due to the limited available volume in a satellite, all the equipment should be as compact as possible, so the use of integrated optical devices could be beneficial for scaling the complexity of the performed tasks.Item Metadata only LoCUS: Learning Multiscale 3D-consistent Features from Posed Images(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-01-15) Kloepfer, Dominik A.; Campbell, Dylan; Henriques, João F.An important challenge for autonomous agents such as robots is to maintain a spatially and temporally consistent model of the world. It must be maintained through occlusions, previously-unseen views, and long time horizons (e.g., loop closure and re-identification). It is still an open question how to train such a versatile neural representation without supervision. We start from the idea that the training objective can be framed as a patch retrieval problem: given an image patch in one view of a scene, we would like to retrieve (with high precision and recall) all patches in other views that map to the same real-world location. One drawback is that this objective does not promote reusability of features: by being unique to a scene (achieving perfect precision/recall), a representation will not be useful in the context of other scenes. We find that it is possible to balance retrieval and reusability by constructing the retrieval set carefully, leaving out patches that map to far-away locations. Similarly, we can easily regulate the scale of the learned features (e.g., points, objects, or rooms) by adjusting the spatial tolerance for considering a retrieval to be positive. We optimize for (smooth) Average Precision (AP), in a single unified ranking-based objective. This objective also doubles as a criterion for choosing landmarks or keypoints, as patches with high AP. We show results creating sparse, multi-scale, semantic spatial maps composed of highly identifiable landmarks, with applications in landmark retrieval, localization, semantic segmentation and instance segmentation.Item Metadata only Evaluation of aqueous geochemistry of fluoride enriched groundwater(2017) Kumar, Pankaj; Singh, Chander Kumar; Saraswat, Chitresh; Mishra, Binaya; Sharma, TejalHigh fluoride (F−) groundwater causes fluorosis which might at severe stages lead to deformation of bones, bilateral lameness. The concentration of F− ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 mg/L. This study suggests that high HCO3− and Na+ in alkaline medium along with water–rock interaction plays important role in enrichment of F− in groundwater. Na-HCO3 is the dominant water type followed by Ca-HCO3 suggesting dominance of Na+, Ca2+ and HCO3− ions in groundwater. Factor analysis of water quality parameters suggests that four principal components account for 74.66% of total variance in the dataset. Factor 1 shows higher positive loading for pH, HCO3− negative loading for F−, Ca2+, SO42− depicting ion-exchange and HCO3 dominant water type responsible for F enrichment in groundwater. Saturation index for selected minerals suggests that most of the samples are oversaturated with calcite and undersaturated with fluorite. Calcite precipitation leads to the removal of Ca2+ from solution thus allowing more fluorite to dissolve. These released Ca2+ ions combine with CO32− ions to further enhance the precipitation of CaCO3.Item Metadata only Early career teachers' resilience and positive adaptive change capabilities(2016) Bowles, Terry; Arnup, Jessica L.This research is an investigation of the link between adaptive functioning and resilience in early career teachers (ECT). Resilience is considered an important capability of teachers and research has shown that teachers who are resourceful, demonstrate agency and develop positive management strategies overcome adversity. In this research, we aim to examine more closely the strategic processes associated with resilience and whether these vary in a cohort of ECT. A sample of ECT (n = 160; M = 31.09, SD = 6.92) participated in the study. The findings showed that, consistent with previous research on adaptive change, three groups emerged from the cohort: stabilisers, adapters, and innovators. Stabilisers were the least resilient, adapters were more resilient, and innovators were most resilient. Length of service was not significantly associated with resilience, while a weak interaction was found between years of service and adaptive functioning. Resilience was strongly associated with adaptive functioning. Findings are discussed in relation to resilience and ECT's self-care.Item Metadata only Sustainable urban water futures in developing countries(2015-10-03) Poustie, Michael S.; Deletic, Ana; Brown, Rebekah R.; Wong, Tony; de Haan, Fjalar J.; Skinner, RobertThis paper explores whether a mixture of centralised and decentralised urban water systems is preferable for sustainable urban water management. This is of importance for developing countries where there is continued demand for expanding urban water infrastructure. Processes for determining the combination of centralised and decentralised urban water solutions remain largely ad hoc. Using the South West Pacific as a case study, a multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodology drawing on expert elicitation was employed to assess the technical, economic, environmental and resilience performance of urban water infrastructure alternatives; assessing water supply, sewage and stormwater systems. The MCDA analysis was then systematically contrasted with both a series of recommended infrastructural investment plans and the desires of local technocrats in Port Vila, Vanuatu. Results demonstrate a high level of agreement between the MCDA outcomes and local stakeholders, favouring hybrid infrastructure. Conversely, international consultants' infrastructure recommendations continue to reflect traditional engineering paradigms.Item Metadata only Regulation of IL-12p40 by HIF controls Th1/Th17 responses to prevent mucosal inflammation(2017-09-01) Marks, E.; Naudin, C.; Nolan, G.; Goggins, B. J.; Burns, G.; Mateer, S. W.; Latimore, J. K.; Minahan, K.; Plank, M.; Foster, P. S.; Callister, R.; Veysey, M.; Walker, M. M.; Talley, N. J.; Radford-Smith, G.; Keely, S.Intestinal inflammatory lesions are inherently hypoxic, due to increased metabolic demands created by cellular infiltration and proliferation, and reduced oxygen supply due to vascular damage. Hypoxia stabilizes the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF) leading to a coordinated induction of endogenously protective pathways. We identified IL12B as a HIF-regulated gene and aimed to define how the HIF-IL-12p40 axis influenced intestinal inflammation. Intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were characterized in wild-type and IL-12p40 -/- murine colitis treated with vehicle or HIF-stabilizing prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (PHDi). IL12B promoter analysis was performed to examine hypoxia-responsive elements. Immunoblot analysis of murine and human LPL supernatants was performed to characterize the HIF/IL-12p40 signaling axis. We observed selective induction of IL-12p40 following PHDi-treatment, concurrent with suppression of Th1 and Th17 responses in murine colitis models. In the absence of IL-12p40, PHDi-treatment was ineffective. Analysis of the IL12B promoter identified canonical HIF-binding sites. HIF stabilization in LPLs resulted in production of IL-12p40 homodimer which was protective against colitis. The selective induction of IL-12p40 by HIF-1α leads to a suppression of mucosal Th1 and Th17 responses. This HIF-IL12p40 axis may represent an endogenously protective mechanism to limit the progression of chronic inflammation, shifting from pro-inflammatory IL-12p70 to an antagonistic IL-12p40 homodimer.Item Metadata only Investment-consumption Optimization with Transaction Cost and Learning about Return Predictability(2024-11-01) Wang, Ning; Siu, Tak KuenIn this paper, we investigate an investment–consumption optimization problem in continuous-time settings, where the expected rate of return from a risky asset is predictable with an observable factor and an unobservable factor. Based on observable information, a decision-maker learns about the unobservable factor while making investment–consumption decisions. Both factors are supposed to follow a mean-reverting process. Also, we relax the assumption for perfect liquidity of the risky asset through incorporating proportional transaction costs that are incurred in trading the risky asset. In such way, a form of friction posing liquidity risk to the investor is examined. Dynamic programming principle coupled with an Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation are adopted to discuss the problem. Applying an asymptotic method with small transaction costs being taken as a perturbation parameter, we determine the frictional value function by solving the first and second corrector equations. For the numerical implementation of the proposed approach, a Monte-Carlo-simulation-based approximation algorithm is adopted to solve the second corrector equation. Finally, numerical examples and their economic interpretations are discussed.Item Metadata only Suicide and unintentional injury mortality among homeless people(2013-02-01) Nilsson, Sandra Feodor; Hjorthøj, Carsten Rygaard; Erlangsen, Annette; Nordentoft, MereteBackground: Homeless people have elevated mortality, especially due to external causes. We aimed to examine suicide and unintentional injury mortality levels and identify predictors in the homeless population. Methods: A nationwide, register-based cohort study of homeless people aged 16 years and older was carried out using the Danish Homeless Register, 1999-2008. Results: In all, 32 010 homeless people (70.5% men) were observed. For men, the mortality rate was 174.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 150.6-198.1] per 100 000 person-years for suicide and 463.3 (95% CI = 424.6-502.0) for unintentional injury. For women, the corresponding rates were 111.4 (95% CI = 81.7-141.1) for suicide and 241.4 (95% CI = 197.6-285.1) for unintentional injury. Schizophrenia spectrum, affective, personality and substance use disorders were strongly associated with increased risk of suicide; the highest risk estimates were found for schizophrenia spectrum disorders among both men [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.0-4.9] and women (HR = 15.5, 95% CI = 4.5-54.0). Alcohol and drug use disorders were predictors of death by unintentional injury for both men and women, whereas schizophrenia spectrum disorders and personality disorders were only significant predictors among men; the highest risk estimates were found for drug use disorders among men (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.8-2.8) and women (HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.8-5.4). A history of psychiatric admission and emergency room contact were predictors for dying by suicide and unintentional injury. Conclusion: People in the homeless shelter population with a history of a psychiatric disorder constitute a high-risk group regarding the elevated suicide and unintentional injury mortality.Item Metadata only The risk of offspring developing substance use disorders when exposed to one versus two parent(s) with alcohol use disorder(2016-09-01) Mellentin, Angelina Isabella; Brink, Maria; Andersen, Lene; Erlangsen, Annette; Stenager, Elsebeth; Bjerregaard, Lene Berit; Christiansen, ErikAim: Few population-based, family studies have examined associations between exposure to one vs. two parent(s) with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the risk of offspring developing substance use disorder (SUD). Moreover, these studies have focused solely on the development of AUD, and not SUD, in offspring. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exposure to one vs. two parent(s) with AUD increases the risk of offspring developing SUD. Methods: A population-based, cohort study was conducted in which offspring born in Denmark between 1983 and 1989 were followed through national registries until 2011. Register-based data were obtained from the: Psychiatric Central Research Register, National Patient Registry, Civil Registration System, Fertility Database, and Cause of Death Register. Adjusted hazard ratios were calculated using multivariate Cox-regression models. Findings: A total of 398,881 offspring were included in this study. Of these, 3.9% had at least one parent with AUD. Parental AUD was significantly associated with the development of SUD in offspring. Having one parent with AUD was linked to a 1.44-fold increased risk (95% CL, 1.29-1.61), while having two parents with AUD was linked to a 2.29-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.64-3.20). No significant differences were found in relation to either parental or offspring gender. Conclusions: Exposure to parental AUD is linked to an increased risk of offspring developing SUD. This risk is additive for offspring exposed to double parental AUD. The findings have important implications for clinical assessment and intervention strategies, as well as the management of offspring exposed to parental AUD.Item Metadata only Pain, body, and space: What do patients with complex regional pain syndrome really neglect?(2012) Legrain, Valéry; Bultitude, Janet H.; De Paepe, Annick L.; Rossetti, YvesSpace is an important dimension in perception. It helps to perceive the relative position between objects including one’s own body in order to guide interaction with the outer world. The brain is able to process spatial information according to different frames of reference. A first dissociation can be made between egocentric and allocentric representations. The egocentric, subject-centered frame of reference enables spatial representations of objects depending on their position relative to the perceiver’s body. In this case, left and right are defined according to the midline of the body or of specific body parts. In representations that depend on an allocentric frame of reference, the perception of position in space is independent of the observer. Space is then perceived in terms of positions between objects or between parts of the same objects. Another important distinction is the dissociation between personal, peripersonal and extrapersonal spaces. Personal space corresponds to the space of the body, peripersonal space to the immediate space surrounding the body allowing direct manipulation of proximal objects, and extrapersonal space to the far space in which objects are reached by limb movements.Item Metadata only The rise time of normal and subluminous type Ia supernovae(2012-01-20) González-Gaitán, S.; Conley, A.; Bianco, F. B.; Howell, D. A.; Sullivan, M.; Perrett, K.; Carlberg, R.; Astier, P.; Balam, D.; Balland, C.; Basa, S.; Fouchez, D.; Fourmanoit, N.; Graham, M. L.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Hook, I. M.; Lidman, C.; Pain, R.; Palanque-Delabrouille, N.; Pritchet, C. J.; Regnault, N.; Rich, J.; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.We calculate the average stretch-corrected rise time of Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) in the Supernova Legacy Survey. We use the aggregate light curves of spectroscopic and photometrically identified SNeIa to fit the rising part of the light curve with a simple quadratic model. We obtain a light curve shape corrected, i.e., stretch-corrected, fiducial rise time of 17.02 +0.18-0.28 (stat) days. The measured rise time differs from an earlier finding by the SNLS (Conley etal.) due to the use of different SN Ia templates. We compare it to nearby samples using the same methods and find no evolution in the early part of the light curve of SNeIa up to z = 1. We search for variations among different populations, particularly subluminous objects, by dividing the sample in stretch. Bright and slow decliners (s > 1.0) have consistent stretch-corrected rise times compared to fainter and faster decliners (0.8 < s ≤ 1.0); they are shorter by 0.57+0.47 -0.50 (stat) days. Subluminous SNeIa (here defined as objects with s ≤ 0.8), although less constrained, are also consistent, with a rise time of 18.03+0.81-1.37 (stat) days. We study several systematic biases and find that the use of different fiducial templates may affect the average rise time but not the intrinsic differences between populations. Based on our results, we estimate that subluminous SNeIa are powered by 0.05-0.35 M⊙ of 56Ni synthesized in the explosion. Our conclusions are the same for the single-stretch and two-stretch parameterizations of the light curve.Item Metadata only Consumers’ contribution to health research(2025-04-28) Zhou, Mingming; Dray, Julia; Parkinson, Anne; Richardson, Alice; Clynes, Lucy; Desborough, JaneBackground: Despite growing recognition of the importance of consumer engagement in advancing consumer-oriented and relevant research, many researchers experience challenges in appropriately acknowledging consumers' contributions to the research process. A pivotal aspect of this challenge relates to the financial remuneration offered to consumers in recognition of their contributions to research in terms of time, skills and expertise. This may be due to a lack and inconsistency of reported practice and guidance regarding remuneration. We sought to explore current practices for recognising consumers' contribution to health research and to understand health organisations' experiences and perspectives regarding this. Methods: A working group convened by Research Australia comprised of two academics, one PhD candidate and eight health research organisation representatives, including consumer-led organisations, was established to develop a survey to elucidate current consumer remuneration practices in Australia. Drawing on existing consumer engagement literature, the draft survey questions were constructed and finalised following review, discussion and reaching consensus among the working group. The survey was distributed online to 503 research organisation participants across Australia from December 2023 to February 2024. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analysed using content analysis methods. Results/findings: 124 completed surveys were returned (25% response rate). 92% of participants supported recognition of consumer contributions to health research. Of this, 56% provided financial remuneration, while 36% provided non-financial forms of recognition, such as training and acknowledgement of academic outputs. However, recognition methods used in practice differed, and rates of financial remuneration varied across different levels of engagement. The need for national guidelines in consumer remuneration practice was expressed by 93% of participants. Implications/key message: These survey findings support an imperative to establish national recommendations for consumer remuneration, tailored to the needs of different organisations and contexts in Australia. Patient and public contribution: A working group formed with eight member organisations from Research Australia, including consumer-led organisations, contributed to the survey development and interpretation of the qualitative findings by reflecting on the themes developed.Item Metadata only Climate-resilient aquatic food systems require transformative change to address gender and intersectional inequalities(2024-07-16) Ride, Anouk; Adam, Rahma; Amani, Anamika; Kuijpers, Rob; Danielsen, Katrine; Smits, Esther; Kruijssen, Froukje; Moran, Nicole; Tigchelaar, Michelle; Wabnitz, Colette; Tilley, Alexander; Luzzi, Matteo; Peerzadi, Rumana; Rossignoli, Christiano; Allison, Edward; Cole, Steven; Zatti, Irene; Ouko, Kevin; Rozel Farnworth, CathyThe adverse impacts of climate change on aquatic food systems (AFS) and the people who depend on AFS for livelihood security are inequitably distributed between and within coun- tries. People facing the highest risks and experiencing the severest impacts of climate change are those who already experience multidimensional inequalities in their lives, partic- ularly because of their gender, class, age, indigeneity, ethnicity, caste, religion, and the physical and political conditions that can create additional vulnerabilities. In this paper, we conducted a scoping review of the literature that explores the links between climate change, gender, and other social identities, and AFS. The review was complemented by an analysis of representative data on women and men aquaculture farmers in Bangladesh from 2018 to 2019. We also analysed data from the 2019 Illuminating Hidden Harvest project. The study relied on the gendered agrifood system and aquatic food climate risk frameworks to guide on literature search, review, and data analyses. Our findings show that intersecting identities disadvantage certain AFS actors, particularly young women from minority ethnic groups, and create challenge for them to manage and adapt to climate shocks and stresses. Exam- ples of gender-responsive and transformative interventions are highlighted from our review to showcase how such intersectional disadvantages can be addressed to increase women’s empowerment and social and gender equalityItem Metadata only Low sodium diets can be both nutritious and low cost(2012-06-09) Wilson, Nick; Nghiem, NhungMore than a grain of salt is needed when considering the arguments of the Salt Institute and its spokespeople.1 We disagree with the claim that: “anyone who follows the 2010 dietary guidelines for sodium will end up with a highly unbalanced and nutritionally inadequate diet.”1 The cited study actually reported …Item Metadata only Estimating the cost of new public health legislation(2012) Wilson, Nick; Nghiem, Nhung; Foster, Rachel; Cobiac, Linda; Blakely, TonyObjective To develop a new method for estimating the cost to governments of enacting public health legislation. Methods We adopted a central government perspective in estimating costs. The parliamentary cost of legislative acts and regulations in New Zealand was calculated from the proportion of parliamentary time devoted to law-making (i.e. sitting days in the debating chamber), and the cost of associated policy advice from government agencies was calculated from the proportion of documented policy issues related to law-making. The relative costs of acts and regulations were estimated from the number of pages in the legislation. Findings We estimated that, between 1999 and 2010, 26.7% of parliamentary resources and 16.7% of policy advice from government agencies were devoted to generating new laws in New Zealand. The mean cost of an act was 2.6 million United States dollars (US$ 95% uncertainty interval, UI: 1.5 to 4.4 million) and the mean cost of a regulation was US$ 382 000 (95% UI: 221 000 to 665 000). For comparison, the average cost of a bill enacted by the 50 state governments in the United States of America between 2008 and 2009 was US$ 980 000. Conclusion We were able to estimate the cost of new legislation in New Zealand. Our method for estimating this cost seemed to capture the main government costs involved and appears to be generally applicable to other developed countries. Ideally such costs should be included in economic evaluations of public health interventions that involve new legislation.