ANU Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/26

The Australian National University's Research Publications collection is an online location for collecting, preserving and disseminating the scholarly output of the University. This service allows members of the University to share their research with the wider community. ANU Open Research accepts journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, working or technical papers and other forms of scholarly communication.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 117815

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Wide-field dynamic astronomy in the near-infrared with Palomar Gattini-IR and DREAMS
(SPIE, 2020) Soon, Jamie; Adams, David; De, Kishalay; Galla, Antony; Hankins, Matthew; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Moore, Anna M.; Adams, Scott M.; Antoszewski, Jarek; Ashley, Michael; Babul, Aliya Nur; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Cooke, Jeff; De Marco, Orsola; Delacroix, Alexandre; Devillepoix, Hadrien; Ellis, Simon C.; Freeman, Ken C.; Hale, David; Heger, Alexander; Jencson, Jacob E.; Lau, Ryan M.; Mckenna, Daniel; Ofek, Eran; Ryder, Stuart; Simcoe, Robert; Sokoloski, Jennifer L.; Soria, Roberto; Smith, Roger M.; Travouillon, Tony D.
There have been a dramatic increase in the number of optical and radio transient surveys due to astronomical transients such as gravitational waves and gamma ray bursts, however, there have been a limited number of wide-field infrared surveys due to narrow field-of-view and high cost of infrared cameras, we present two new wide-field near-infrared fully automated surveyors; Palomar Gattini-IR and the Dynamic REd All-sky Monitoring Survey (DREAMS). Palomar Gattini-IR, a 25 square degree J-band imager that begun science operations at Palomar Observatory, USA in October 2018; we report on survey strategy as well as telescope and observatory operations and will also providing initial science results. DREAMS is a 3.75 square degree wide-field imager that is planned for Siding Spring Observatory, Australia; we report on the current optical and mechanical design and plans to achieve on-sky results in 2020. DREAMS is on-track to be one of the first astronomical telescopes to use an Indium Galium Arsenide (InGaAs) detector and we report initial on-sky testing results for the selected detector package. DREAMS is also well placed to take advantage and provide near-infrared follow-up of the LSST.
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Minimizing the longest charge delay of multiple mobile chargers for wireless rechargeable sensor networks by charging multiple sensors simultaneously
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Xu, Wenzheng; Liang, Weifa; Kan, Haibin; Xu, Yinlong; Zhang, Xinming
Wireless energy charging has emerged as a very promising technology for prolonging sensor lifetime in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs). Existing studies focused mainly on the 'one-to-one' charging scheme that a sensor can be charged by a single mobile charger at each time, this charging scheme however suffers from poor charging scalability and inefficiency. Recently, another charging scheme - the 'multiple-to-one' charging scheme that allows multiple sensors to be charged simultaneously by a single charger, becomes dominant and can mitigate charging scalability and improve the charging efficiency. Most research studies on this latter scheme focused on the use of a mobile charger to charge multiple sensors simultaneously. However, for large scale WRSNs, it is insufficient to deploy just a single mobile charger to charge many lifetime-critical sensors, and consequently sensor expiration durations will increase dramatically. Instead, in order to charge as many as lifetime-critical sensors, the use of multiple mobile chargers for charging sensors can speed up sensor charging significantly, thereby reducing their expiration durations and improving the monitoring quality of WRSNs. However, this poses great challenges to schedule multiple mobile chargers for sensor charging at the same time such that the longest delay among the chargers is minimized due to multiple critical constraints. One such an important constraint in multiple mobile chargers is that each sensor cannot be charged by more than one mobile charger at each time; otherwise, the sensor cannot receive any energy from either of the chargers. In this paper we address this challenge by first formulating a novel longest delay minimization problem that is NP-hard. We then devise the very first approximation algorithm with a provable approximation ratio for the problem. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm through experimental simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is very promising, which outperforms the other heuristics in various settings.
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Introducing Peripheral Awareness as a Neurological State for Human-computer Integration
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020-04-21) Andres, Josh; Schraefel, M. C.; Semertzidis, Nathan; Dwivedi, Brahmi; Kulwe, Yutika C.; Von Kaenel, Juerg; Mueller, Florian Floyd
In this work we introduce peripheral awareness as a neurological state for real-time human-computer integration, where the human is assisted by a computer to interact with the world. Changes to the field of view in peripheral awareness have been linked with quality of human performance. This instinctive narrowing of vision that occurs as a threat is perceived has implications in activities that benefit from the user having a wide field of view, such as cycling to navigate the environment. We present "Ena", a novel EEG-eBike system that draws from the user's neural activity to determine when the user is in a state of peripheral awareness to regulate engine support. A study with 20 participants revealed various themes and tactics suggesting that peripheral awareness as a neurological state is viable to align human-machine integration with internal bodily processes. Ena suggests that our work facilitates a safe and enjoyable human-computer integration experience.
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The utility of new data in understanding housing insecurity
(2021) Yanotti, Maria B.; Banks, Marcus; de Silva, Ashton; Anantharama, Nandini; Whiteford, Peter; Bowman, Dina; Csereklyei, Zsuzsanna
• This exploratory data project investigates the potential of the DSS DOMINO dataset to support housing research and policy development. • The key difference is that DOMINO is mainly comprised of flow data which gives within year income volatility data rather than stock data which gives a single annual, or point-in-time income and labour force status data. • Demand for Commonwealth Rental Assistance (CRA) is far higher than commonly understood and there is a significant churn of individuals who receive CRA.
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Complementary filter design on the Special Euclidean group SE(3)
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2007) Baldwin, Grant; Mahony, Robert; Trumpf, Jochen; Hamel, Tarek; Cheviron, Thibault
This paper considers the problem of obtaining high quality pose estimation (position and orientation) from a combination of low cost sensors, such as an inertial measurement unit and vision sensor. A non-linear complementary filter is proposed that evolves on the Special Euclidean Group SE(3). Exponential stability of the filter is proved. Simulation results are presented to illustrate simplicity and demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. Experimental results reinforce the convergence of the filter.
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ALASCA
(SPIE, 2023) Biasi, R.; Calia, D. Bonaccini; Centrone, M.; Enderlein, M.; Faccini, M.; Farley, O.; Gallieni, D.; Gooding, D.; Haguenauer, P.; Janout, P.; Jenkins, D.; Lison, F.; Luis, J.; Rey, N. Martinez; Osborn, J.; Patauner, C.; Pescoller, D.; Reyes, M.; Sabatini, L.; Salvi, L.; Sodnik, Z.; Alaluf, D.; Tintori, M.; Tordi, M.; Townson, M.; Virdee, H.; Wei, D. P.; Clements, W. R.L.
We report on the novel ALASCA (Advanced LGS AO for Satellite Communication Assessment) facility being built for ESA by a consortium of industry and national research institutes under the ScyLight program. The aim of ALASCA is to create a facility for Optical Feeder Links (OFL) field tests, as well as to demonstrate at the ESA Optical Ground Station in Tenerife, starting in 2023, 24/7 reliable operation of optimal Optical Feeder Links based on Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics (LGS-AO) to solve the point-ahead problem on ground-space laser communications. Space optical communication represents a technological challenge due to its specific requirements and merit parameters; the consortium's extensive experience in LGS-AO in the astronomical field allows an expert technology transfer to earth-space communication. This will enhance the review of the ALASCA's main requirements, their implementation by a proper tailoring of the modular solutions that will be adopted by the design, facing the new challenges at system level posed by the OFL applications compared to astronomical solutions. The ALASCA project will, last but not least, provide a technology assessment and a development roadmap towards the industrial exploitation of a 24/7 operational Optical Ground Station (OGS). We will provide an overview of the ALASCA project, its goals, phases and planned timeline up to the field experiments; the presentation will then focus on the project status, including also the simulations results of LGS-AO assisted OFL.
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HTN plan repair via model transformation
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Höller, Daniel; Bercher, Pascal; Behnke, Gregor; Biundo, Susanne
To make planning feasible, planning models abstract from many details of the modeled system. When executing plans in the actual system, the model might be inaccurate in a critical point, and plan execution may fail. There are two options to handle this case: the previous solution can be modified to address the failure (plan repair), or the planning process can be re-started from the new situation (re-planning). In HTN planning, discarding the plan and generating a new one from the novel situation is not easily possible, because the HTN solution criteria make it necessary to take already executed actions into account. Therefore all approaches to repair plans in the literature are based on specialized algorithms. In this paper, we discuss the problem in detail and introduce a novel approach that makes it possible to use unchanged, off-the-shelf HTN planning systems to repair broken HTN plans. That way, no specialized solvers are needed.
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Towards Distributed Privacy-Preserving Prediction
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020-10-11) Lyu, Lingjuan; Law, Yee Wei; Siong Ng, Kee; Xue, Shibei; Zhao, Jun; Yang, Mengmeng; Liu, Lei
In privacy-preserving machine learning, individual parties are reluctant to share their sensitive training data due to privacy concerns. Even the trained model parameters or prediction can pose serious privacy leakage. To address these problems, we demonstrate a generally applicable Distributed Privacy-Preserving Prediction (DPPP) framework, in which instead of sharing more sensitive data or model parameters, an untrusted aggregator combines only multiple models' predictions under provable privacy guarantee. Our framework integrates two main techniques to guarantee individual privacy. First, we introduce the improved Binomial Mechanism and Discrete Gaussian Mechanism to achieve distributed differential privacy. Second, we utilize homomorphic encryption to ensure that the aggregator learns nothing but the noisy aggregated prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework has comparable performance to the non-private frameworks and delivers better results than the local differentially private framework and standalone framework.
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Neo-Noumena
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020-04-21) Semertzidis, Nathan; Scary, Michaela; Andres, Josh; Dwivedi, Brahmi; Kulwe, Yutika Chandrashekhar; Zambetta, Fabio; Mueller, Florian Floyd
The subjective experience of emotion is notoriously difficult to interpersonally communicate. We believe that technology can challenge this notion through the design of neuroresponsive systems for interpersonal communication. We explore this through "Neo-Noumena", a communicative neuroresponsive system that uses brain-computer interfacing and artificial intelligence to read one's emotional states and dynamically represent them to others in mixed reality through two head-mounted displays. In our study five participant pairs were given Neo-Noumena for three days, using the system freely. Measures of emotional competence demonstrated a statistically significant increase in participants' ability to interpersonally regulate emotions. Furthermore, participant interviews revealed themes regarding Spatiotemporal Actualization, Objective Representation, and Preternatural Transmission. We also suggest design strategies for future augmented emotion communication systems. We intend that work gives guidance towards a future in which our ability to interpersonally communicate emotion is augmented beyond traditional experience.
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Children, young people and the press in a transitioning society representations, reactions and criminalisation
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Gordon, Faith
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Excitation of semiconductor nanowires using individually addressable micro-LED arrays
(IEEE Photonics Society, 2023) Xia, Zhongyi; Jevtics, Dimitars; Guilhabert, Benoit; McKendry, Jonathan J.D.; Dawson, Martin D.; Strain, Michael J.; Tan, Hark Hoe; Jagadish, Chennupati
Optical pumping of nanowire emitters, embedded in polymeric waveguides is achieved using a micro-LED array at 410 nm. The micro-LED-on-CMOS chip allows for individual pixel control and therefore parallel pumping of multiple emitters simultaneously. The nanowires are integrated on-chip using high-accuracy transfer-printing and laser lithography.
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RIP Emojis and Words to Contextualize Mourning on Twitter
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2021-08-30) Xu, Xinyuan; Manrique, Ruben; Pereira Nunes, Bernardo
This paper aims to investigate the use of emojis to contextualize mourning on Twitter. Specifically, we seek to determine (i) whether an emoji is sufficient to contextualize expressions of grief; (ii) which emojis most accurately represent mourning; (iii) whether only words are used to contextualize mourning; (iv) which words are used to characterize mourning in tweets; and, (v) if there are differences in the expression of mourning in different languages. For this, we use a multi-stage method to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the manifestations of grieving behavior on Twitter, and created machine learning models to classify expressions of mourning in tweets. The main contributions from this work are (1) a gold standard of manually annotated mourning tweets; (2) classification models produced using machine learning ensemble methods and BERT contextual embeddings; and, (3) an extensive analysis of our findings opening up opportunities for new research. The results of this paper reveal emojis alone are insufficient for identifying expressions of mourning in tweets, and the combination of both emojis and words is the most effective strategy for contextualizing mourning online-the models achieved the 84.8%-97% F1 score in all datasets. Although words alone are capable of characterizing mourning contexts correctly, the English vocabulary is limited, and the contribution of RIP-the abbreviation for "rest in peace''-is highly decisive. Our results have also shown that the most relevant emojis for this context were emotional ones, such as \includegraphics[width=1em]twitter_brokenheart.png, and emojis are used in a uniform fashion in both Spanish and English.
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On a bi-virus epidemic model with partial and waning immunity
(Elsevier B.V., 2023-07-01) Zino, Lorenzo; Ye, Mengbin; Anderson, Brian D.O.
We propose a deterministic compartmental model to study the impact of partial and waning immunity on the spread of two competitive epidemic diseases, hereafter termed viruses. Building on a standard bi-virus SIS model, we introduce additional compartments to account for individuals who recovered from each virus, and tunable parameters to capture the level of virus-specific and cross protection acquired after recovery from a specific virus, and the rate at which such immunity could wane. We formalise the model as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which is amenable to analytical treatment, and we focus our analysis on two specialisations of the model. First, in the absence of waning immunity, we establish a global convergence result showing that, above the epidemic threshold, only the “fittest” virus becomes endemic. Second, in the absence of cross-immunity, we demonstrate instead that long-lasting co-existence of the two viruses may emerge, depending on the model parameters.
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Exploring Hybrid
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2022-04-27) Executive Committee, Sigchi; Vivacqua, Adriana S.; Kun, Andrew L.; Passmore, Cale; Mentis, Helena; Andres, Josh; Todi, Kashyap; Jones, Matt; Russis, Luigi De; Yamashita, Naomi; Kumar, Neha; Bidwell, Nicola J.; Mirza-Babaei, Pejman; Kumar, Priya C.; Bardzell, Shaowen; Kriglstein, Simone; Dray, Susan; Boll, Susanne; Branham, Stacy M.; Clegg, Tamara
In this special interest group (SIG), we follow up on previous conversations around hybrid models for conferences, conducted in open sessions by the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction (SIGCHI) Executive Committee (EC). The COVID-19 pandemic led to a sudden shift to virtual conferences; as we start to go back to in-person events, it is important to reflect on the types of events we desire, and design these accordingly. With this SIG, we hope to share experiences from previous conferences (successful or not) and discuss potential solutions to pending issues. This SIG will be led by VP at Large Adriana S. Vivacqua, with the participation of other EC members.
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Life-cycle planning with CEV model and time-inconsistent preferences
(2024) Wang, Ning
In this paper, we investigate an optimization problem for a wage earner seeking to maximize expected utilities until retirement by choosing optimal consumption, investment, and life insurance purchase strategies. The constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model is adopted describe the price process of the risky asset. Additionally, we assume that the wage earner has time-inconsistent preferences. This makes the wage earner discount her payoff by a non-constant discount rate. Applying the dynamic programming principle, we have derived the HamiltonJacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation corresponding to the optimization problem. Furthermore, we present semi-analytical expressions for optimal strategies and value functions in three cases: the benchmark model with time-consistent preferences, the naive and sophisticated wage earners with time-inconsistent preferences. Finally, illustrations of the optimal solutions and some economic insights are provided in the numerical examples.
Open Access
Dutton and the Coalition did not do the work, and misread the Australian mood
(2025-05-03) Kenny, Mark
The former federal director of the Liberal Party, Brian Loughnane, used to tell media companies that their practice of commissioning expensive opinion polls right through a parliamentary term was a waste of money.
Open Access
Knives sharpened as Dutton's culture-war detours drove Coalition off a cliff
(2025-05-03) Kenny, Mark
As Anthony Albanese and Peter Dutton settled in to watch the election count on Saturday night, each nervously hoped an exhausting five weeks of interviews, debates, doorstops and worksite visits would pay dividends at the ballot box.
Open Access
Dutton pays for defiantly empty policy cupboard
(2025-05-03) Kenny, Mark
If a single moment summed up the gaffer-taped operation Peter Dutton wheeled out in election 2025, it was when his own ACT candidate dumped his very ACT-specific policy.
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Digital (Dis)Information Operations
(Routledge, 2025-01-01) Ray, Andrew; Roberts, Heather; Clifford, Damian
This book offers an interdisciplinary insight into the key debates around information warfare in the digital age and argues that transnational cooperation can mitigate the threat. States and societies are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-enabled information operations. From efforts to divide nations, undermine public policy, manipulate elections, and generate social discord, malign actors use the online realm to wreak havoc on our offline lives. The book explores the digital disinformation dilemma that confronts liberal democracies, reflecting on shared socio-political challenges and solutions to contemporary information operations amongst the Five Eyes states and beyond. The work aims to generate a holistic human-centric perspective on the challenges of digital (dis)information operations through interdisciplinary insight into shared challenges and solutions to contemporary information warfare. Together, these perspectives enable us to more effectively identify opportunities to address the challenge and increase the potential to enrich international collaborative efforts to safeguard liberal democracies from threats to their information environments. This book will be of much interest to students of information warfare, intelligence studies, foreign policy and International Relations.
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Routledge Handbook of Politics and Heritage.
(Routledge, 2024) Bozoğlu, Gönül; Campbell, Gary; Smith, Laurajane; Whitehead, Christopher
Routledge Handbook of Politics and Heritage surveys the intersection of heritage and politics today and helps elucidate the political implications of heritage practices. It explicitly addresses the political and analyses tension and struggles over the distribution of power.

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