ANU Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/26

The Australian National University's Research Publications collection is an online location for collecting, preserving and disseminating the scholarly output of the University. This service allows members of the University to share their research with the wider community. ANU Open Research accepts journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, working or technical papers and other forms of scholarly communication.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 140673

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Southern Eastern Bristlebird: <i>Dasyornis brachypterus brachypterus</i>
(CSIRO Publishing, 2021) Bain, D.; Clarke, R.H.; Oliver, D.; Bramwell, M.D.; MacGregor, C.; Lindenmayer, D.B.; Maple, D.; Dexter, N.; Ehmke, G.; Burbidge, A.H.; Menkhorst, P.W.; Garnett, S.
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Progress in the conservation of populations of the eastern bristlebird from central coastal New South Wales and Jervis Bay Territory
(CSIRO Publishing, 2018) Lindenmayer, David; MacGregor, Christopher; Dexter, Nick
Book Abstract: An inspiring showcase of successful approaches and implementation methods for conservation. Australia’s nature is exceptional, wonderful and important. But much has been lost, and the ongoing existence of many species now hangs by a thread. Against a relentless tide of threats to our biodiversity, many Australians, and government and non-government agencies, have devoted themselves to the challenge of conserving and recovering plant and animal species that now need our help to survive. This dedication has been rewarded with some outstanding and inspiring successes: of extinctions averted, of populations increasing, of communities actively involved in recovery efforts. Recovering Australian Threatened Species showcases successful conservation stories and identifies approaches and implementation methods that have been most effective in recovering threatened species. These diverse accounts – dealing with threatened plants, invertebrates, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals – show that the conservation of threatened species is achievable: that it can be done and should be done. They collectively serve to inform, guide and inspire other conservation efforts. This is a book of hope and inspiration. It shows that with dedication, knowledge and support, we can retain and restore our marvellous natural heritage, and gift to our descendants a world that is as diverse, healthy and beautiful as that which we have inherited.
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Rethinking avian influenza control: a systems-oriented One Health perspective for family poultry
(2026-10-19) Alders, Robyn; Bagnol, Brigitte; Ahasanul Hoque, Md
Early detection and control of high- and low-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI, LPAI) in family poultry flocks remain challenging in settings where mortality from enzootic diseases such as Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) is persistently high. High background mortality obscures recognition of unusual disease events and delays reporting. In addition to epidemiological constraints, rebuilding trust among family poultry producers, particularly those affected by uncompensated culling during previous HPAI outbreaks, is essential for effective control. Locally grounded, participatory approaches that recognize the lived experience of both women and men poultry keepers are required to strengthen surveillance, reporting, and response. This policy-oriented rapid review synthesized 110 peer-reviewed publications and 27 policy and guidance documents to examine the structural, epidemiological and socio-economic factors influencing HPAI and LPAI prevention and control in family poultry systems. Effective HPAI and LPAI control should be embedded within a broader, systems-oriented strategy that improves overall poultry productivity and explicitly values smallholder knowledge and participation. A multi-hazard risk management approach grounded in One Health is required, i.e., one that addresses equity, food and nutrition security, livelihoods, climate resilience, and global health. Building on a nine-factor assessment of the factors shaping avian influenza control feasibility, we group practical entry points into three complementary themes: (1) structural constraints within family poultry production systems, including the use of locally adapted poultry genotypes, safe, improved access to safe markets and sustainable feed systems, and effective control of enzootic vaccine-preventable diseases; (2) governance, institutional and social barriers, including culturally appropriate outbreak preparedness and response protocols; (3) gender and socio-economic equity, encompassing participatory approaches grounded in inclusivity, transparency, and accountability. Functional cross-sectoral collaboration between public health, animal health, and environmental sectors, along with local government, is essential if One Health approaches are to deliver tangible, cost-effective reductions in zoonotic risk and effective response while supporting sustainable household food and nutrition security.
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Use of Relative and Absolute Measures to Evaluate Catch-Up Growth Among Indonesian Children
(2026) Lowe, Callum; Sarma, Haribondhu; Arjuna, Tony; Sutarsa, I. Nyoman; Gray, Darren; Kelly, Matthew
In recent years, the use of relative metrics like the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) has been demonstrated to yield higher estimates of catch-up growth prevalence compared to absolute measures among children in impoverished settings. The use of height-for-age difference (HAD) may be a complementary tool to estimate rates of catch-up growth. We used data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey waves 4 and 5 to measure changes in linear growth among children aged 2-4 years up to 8-11 years old. Children's height at baseline and follow-up was calculated using HAZ and HAD and catch-up growth measured using change in HAZ and HAD between baseline and follow-up. Absolute magnitude of catch-up growth using HAD was measured and compared to HAZ. The association between catch-up growth and cognitive ability using change in HAZ and HAD was measured with linear regression. Nearly two times more children experienced an increase in HAZ compared to an increase in HAD. The prevalence of stunting among the children dropped from 38.3% to 23.8% at follow-up, mean height deficit increased by 2.11 cm. Only 10% of children recovered 80% or more of their baseline height deficit by follow-up. Both change in HAZ and HAD were associated with cognitive score at follow-up. This study shows that absolute improvements in height deficit have been achieved in Indonesian children; however, the majority continues to increase their height deficit despite increasing HAZ scores.
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Elevated Levels of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Biomarkers Among Rural Indonesian Infants: Associations with Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Linear Growth
(2026) Lowe, Callum; Arjuna, Tony; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir; Sarma, Haribondhu; Sutarsa, I. Nyoman; Navarro, Severine; Gray, Darren; Kelly, Matthew
Objective: To investigate the burden of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and its association with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and linear growth amongst infants in rural Central Java, Indonesia. Study design: A longitudinal study of 119 infants aged from 5-19 months was conducted in five villages of Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Infant length and weight were measured at baseline and 5-month follow-up and stool samples were collected for the investigation of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), neopterin (NEO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Linear mixed-effects regression (LMER) models estimated the associations between WASH and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) on biomarker concentrations. Results: Biomarkers increased from baseline to follow-up where AAT, NEO, and MPO were elevated in 68.7%, 79.0%, and 71.4% of infants. Breastfed infants and infants with recent diarrhoea had higher biomarker levels than non-breastfed infants. After correction for multiple testing, few significant associations between EED biomarkers and WASH variables or HAZ were detected. EED biomarkers measured at baseline or follow-up were not significantly associated with growth faltering over the follow-up period. In cross-sectional analysis, compared to infants at risk of stunting (-2 < HAZ <= -1), infants with HAZ > -1 had lower AAT at baseline (beta = -0.43, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.05, p(adj) < 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated EED biomarker levels were frequently observed and had mixed associations with WASH and HAZ, highlighting the complexity of EED and need to understand EED etiology through intervention studies.
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David Hockney: Portraits in Print reveals lesser-known aspects of the celebrated artist
(2026-09-15) Burchmore, Alex
A review of 'David Hockney: Portraits in Print' at the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, from 5 September 2026 until 9 May 2027
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Social science constructs as spheres of activity: Health literacy and communicative competence in dialogue
(2026) Macqueen, Susy
Healthcare spaces are "contact zones," where care may be practised using a lingua franca, or in various configurations of language codes. This paper examines two foundational constructs, communicative competence and health literacy, that are implicated in the contact zones of health care. I propose a heuristic framework of spheres of activity for locating, articulating, and understanding the facets and workings of measured constructs as a basis for a multiperspectival, interdisciplinary research agenda. The framework is applied to a health literacy test to explore the multilayered texture of construct activity. Moving to the applicable world of the hospital ward, I consider what "health literacy" may look like in authentic doctor-patient interaction. Finally, I discuss the relationship between the different activities: what is operationalized in tests, what is wished for in policy, and what is evident in practice. Even though the capacity to communicate is considered a key ingredient in mobilizing health literacy for shared decision-making, communication is barely represented in operationalized constructs. An orientation to the interactional repertoires of health care and the dynamic nature of knowledge co-construction in health decision-making could generate useful development in theory, measurement, and practice.
Access status: Restricted ,
The museum in Asia
(2026) Burchmore, Alex
A review of Yunci Cai's edited collection "The Museum in Asia", Routledge, 2025
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Archives, Repatriation and Nation Building: Developing Ngarrindjeri Nation Archives
(2025) Adam, Winsome
Like many First Nations across Australia and internationally, the Ngarrindjeri Nation have been misrepresented, silenced and harmed by the colonial archive. In this archive, Ngarrindjeri people are frequently objectified, relegated to heritage sites of the past and disassociated from Ngarrindjeri people, knowledge and culture in the present. The impacts of these colonial biases, misrepresentations and narratives of erasure resonate today: 'Central to the Ngarrindjeri story is the political and legal battle to be recognized by the state of South Australia as the traditional owners of Ngarrindjeri lands and waters' (Hemming, Rigney and Berg 2019, p. 74). Challenging the slants and biases of the colonial archive has been a key aspect of Ngarrindjeri's recent nation-(re)building approach, which aims to enhance the self-governing, self-determining capacity of the Ngarrindjeri Nation. As a part of this nation-building work, Ngarrindjeri (represented by the Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority) are a founding partner of the Return Reconcile Renew (RRR) project, and have been heavily involved in developing the 'RRR Digital Archive' - an evidence bank of repatriation information and records to support Indigenous repatriation practice and research. This archive is underpinned by an Indigenous governance framework which focuses on Indigenous control over repatriation and reburial processes, and over the archive itself. Building on the work of RRR, this research brings together and adds to Ngarrindjeri's significant work across the archives, repatriation and nation-building areas, examining the ways in which the Ngarrindjeri Nation have sought to rewrite and reconfigure the colonial archive by creating and controlling their own. With a focus on the RRR Digital Archive, the research investigates how this archive (its governance, content, structure and access model) was developed in accordance with Ngarrindjeri nation-building philosophies to reflect and support Ngarrindjeri sovereignty and meet the 'on the ground' use, access and sustainability needs of the Ngarrindjeri Nation. Utilising a case study approach, the research investigates the ways in which dispersed records relating to the Ngarrindjeri Nation can be integrated under the framework of Ngarrindjeri controlled archives, and what it means to do so. Underpinned by the frameworks of Critical Archival Theory and Relationality and utilising a nation-building methodology, the research seeks to further understanding of the potential shape, scope and significance of First Nations archives both in the historic and contemporary landscape of archives and archival praxis in Australia, and in the context of Indigenous nation-building globally. The findings of this study provide insight into the meaning and significance of Indigenous archives and offer practical ways forward for First Nations seeking to develop and maintain their own archives. The research also puts forward the idea of a 'Ngarrindjeri National Archive', suggesting that an Indigenous nation-building approach to developing, managing, governing and approaching archives holds significant potential in reflecting and supporting the sovereignty and nation-building agenda of a First Nation.
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Book Review: Roger Nelson, 'Artistic Art Histories in Southeast Asia: Modernisms in Contemporary Practice' (2026)
(2026-09-23) Burchmore, Alex
A review of Roger Nelson's "Artistic Art Histories in Southeast Asia: Modernisms in Contemporary Practice," Cornell University Press, 2026
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The Other All-British Route between Australia and Britain: The Indian Ocean Cable and Australian Imperial Communications, 1876–1901
(2026) Thompson, Sue
Between 1876 and 1901, there was a push to open new telegraphic cable routes between the British colonies in Australia and Britain via the Indian Ocean. The six Australian colonies were initially connected to the outside world through a single existing route that ran through Java in the Netherlands East Indies and the British colonies of Singapore and India. This route was privately owned, expensive, unreliable, and passed through non-British territory, leaving the Australian colonies and the British colony of New Zealand with few options for their communications link to Britain. Initial advocacy for new telegraphic cable routes came from colonial-appointed officials, elected politicians and private commercial companies; however, many of these ideas and proposals did not translate into any new cables until the Eastern Extension Australia and China Telegraph Company, the private cable company that had dominated Far Eastern communications, built the South Africa to Australia cable, which was opened in October 1901. Drawing on primary source material from Australian and British archives, this article demonstrates that the cable across the Indian Ocean represented a genuinely all-British Imperial cable route between Australia and Britain– an achievement that is not often highlighted in the historiography that instead tends to focus on the other cable that connected Australia to Britain, the Pacific cable, which was completed the following year.
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An Indigenous Community-Based Approach to Tuberculosis Control in Rural East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
(2026) Fitrianti, Yunita; Bastian, Ardi; Astuti, Wahyu Dwi; Dwiningsih, Santi; Handayani, Sri; Effendi, Diyan Ermawan; Nugroho, Arief Priyo
Background: Indonesia ranks second globally in tuberculosis (TB) burden, including East Sumba and East Nusa Tenggara. Due to structural barriers and cultural beliefs, case detection is persistently challenging. Objective: This study aimed to explore structural and cultural barriers to TB case detection in rural East Sumba and to develop and implement culturally grounded, community-driven strategies to strengthen local TB control efforts. Methods: A participatory action research approach was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in six rural villages of the Umalulu District, engaging traditional leaders (wunang, ratu), shamans, health cadres, and government stakeholders. Data were collected through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document reviews, and were analyzed thematically. Results: The study was conducted in three phases between 2017 and 2018 in the Umalulu Sub-district of East Sumba, Indonesia. The first phase identified local understandings of TB and barriers to sputum collection through collaboration with indigenous leaders (wunang, ratu, and shamans) and health workers. The second phase implemented training and community empowerment to engage these leaders as agents of change in TB education, referral, and sputum collection. The third phase reflected on the implementation through interviews, document reviews, and field observations. The findings show that involving indigenous leaders helped bridge biomedical and local health beliefs, increased community awareness of TB symptoms, and strengthened collaboration between health services and communities. However, public spitting and reliance on traditional healing remain barriers to TB prevention. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of culturally grounded, community-driven strategies for strengthening TB control efforts in culturally diverse settings.
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The Making of the Landless Landlord Peasant: Government Policy and the Development of Villages-in-the-City in Shanghai and Guangzhou
(2023) Wilson, Saul
China’s rapid urbanization has generated a substantial population of “landless peasants,” villagers whose farmland has been fully expropriated. The fate of these “landless peasants” has varied greatly from locale to locale. In many cities, they have become wealthy urban landlords; in others, they have been pushed aside in the urbanization process. When they have become urban landlords, they have often done so through the formation of village collective shareholding corporations and villages-in-the-city (chengzhongcun 城中村, also known as “urban villages”), which have in turn provided housing for many migrant workers. Through a comparison of Guangzhou, with its many villages-in-the-city and powerful village collectives, and Shanghai, with far fewer villages-in-the-city or village collectives, this article argues that these starkly divergent physical, institutional, and distributive outcomes have been the result of divergent municipal policies that seek to urbanize peasants in very different ways. In both Guangzhou and Shanghai, although these urbanization policies were rooted in path dependency and local culture, they were subject to abrupt change by municipal leaders with new ideas.
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Reconnection (Out of the Shadows) — playback theatre performance, Rebus Playback Ensemble with the Foundation for Social Health, Ralph Wilson Theatre (28 March 2025)
(2025-03-28) Wong, Paul
“Reconnection”, a free public playback theatre event with the Rebus Playback Theatre Ensemble: facilitated collective storytelling on loneliness and solitude, played back on stage in real time by actors and musicians through improvisation and audience participation. One of three Reconnection events inside the programme. “Out of the Shadows” was a Rebus Theatre programme with the Foundation for Social Health and the Centre for Social Impact testing a new approach to the loneliness epidemic in the ACT: ten community events across March and April 2025, of which Rebus delivered five, four of them public. Audience members were encouraged but never pressed to share, a passive observer was expected to get as much from a session as a participant, and local mental health and wellbeing supports were named to the room. Playback theatre is described by the presenting company as “a form of improvisational theatre in which audience members tell stories from their own lives and watch as actors and musicians enact them on the spot using movement, music and words, but without script or rehearsal”.
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Reconnection (Out of the Shadows) — playback theatre performance, Rebus Playback Ensemble with the Foundation for Social Health, Tuggeranong Arts Centre (31 March 2025)
(2025-03-31) Wong, Paul
“Reconnection”, a free public playback theatre event with the Rebus Playback Theatre Ensemble: facilitated collective storytelling on loneliness and solitude, played back on stage in real time by actors and musicians through improvisation and audience participation. One of three Reconnection events inside the programme. “Out of the Shadows” was a Rebus Theatre programme with the Foundation for Social Health and the Centre for Social Impact testing a new approach to the loneliness epidemic in the ACT: ten community events across March and April 2025, of which Rebus delivered five, four of them public. Audience members were encouraged but never pressed to share, a passive observer was expected to get as much from a session as a participant, and local mental health and wellbeing supports were named to the room. Playback theatre is described by the presenting company as “a form of improvisational theatre in which audience members tell stories from their own lives and watch as actors and musicians enact them on the spot using movement, music and words, but without script or rehearsal”.
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Stages of Empathy — playback theatre performance, Rebus Playback Ensemble, Canberra (9 November 2024)
(2024-11-09) Wong, Paul
A playback theatre performance inside the consultation phase of Stages of Empathy, a Rebus Theatre project funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services to build an interactive theatre and workplace-training piece for touring to organisations across Australia in 2025. The project consulted people with disability and the organisations working with them about accessible and inclusive participation, with particular interest in autism and psychosocial and intellectual disability. Two-hour community consultations used Image Theatre; consultation participants were then all encouraged to attend this playback performance, where audience stories on inclusion and accessibility were enacted by Rebus actors. So the performance is a research instrument as much as a show — it is how the project gathered lived experience it could not get from discussion alone. Playback theatre is described by the presenting company as “a form of improvisational theatre in which audience members tell stories from their own lives and watch as actors and musicians enact them on the spot using movement, music and words, but without script or rehearsal”.
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Stages of Empathy — playback theatre performance, Rebus Playback Ensemble, Wagga Wagga (27 November 2024)
(2024-11-27) Wong, Paul
A playback theatre performance inside the consultation phase of Stages of Empathy, a Rebus Theatre project funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services to build an interactive theatre and workplace-training piece for touring to organisations across Australia in 2025. The project consulted people with disability and the organisations working with them about accessible and inclusive participation, with particular interest in autism and psychosocial and intellectual disability. Two-hour community consultations used Image Theatre; consultation participants were then all encouraged to attend this playback performance, where audience stories on inclusion and accessibility were enacted by Rebus actors. So the performance is a research instrument as much as a show — it is how the project gathered lived experience it could not get from discussion alone. Playback theatre is described by the presenting company as “a form of improvisational theatre in which audience members tell stories from their own lives and watch as actors and musicians enact them on the spot using movement, music and words, but without script or rehearsal”.
Access status: Open Access ,
Everyday Heroes — playback theatre performance, Rebus Playback Ensemble end-of-term show (20 September 2024)
(2024-09-20) Wong, Paul
The form is playback theatre, an improvised theatre in which audience members tell true stories from their lives and a company enacts them on the spot.
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How does audit quality affect firm innovation? Evidence from China
(2024-09-13) Hsu, Charles; Wu, Chaopeng; Yan, Zehao; Zhu, Ruichao
Existing research based on the US setting suggests that high-quality audits impede firm innovation by inducing managerial myopia that leads managers to sacrifice innovative activities. We extend this literature by examining the impact of audit quality on firm innovation in a major emerging market, China. Given the weak institutional environments in China, we posit that increases in audit quality enhance firm innovation by facilitating firms’ external financing abilities and promoting managers’ innovation efforts. Consistent with our predictions, we find that increased audit quality due to “switching” to BigN auditors after auditor mergers significantly improves firms’ innovation quantity and quality. We further find that increases in audit quality impact firm innovation by increasing external financing and motivating both internal and external investment in innovation. Overall, our results indicate that audit quality has a positive governance effect on firms’ real decisions in a major economy with weak legal environments.
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Village reconstruction in rural China: the importance of being urban
(2019) Wilson, Saul; Zhang, Xiaorong
Using examples from village reconstruction programmes in rural China, we show that local cadres often prioritize project visibility over publicized policy goals. While central policies and the academic literature emphasized land reclamation or rural welfare, local cadres – and the projects they designed – tended instead to focus on projecting an image of urban, wealthy villagers. Where such image-driven behaviour is most deleterious to villagers, it can evince opposition. We observe that some areas avoid conflict by making these projects voluntary or adjusting projects to local conditions. However, we provide a case study of a village with strong village leadership, showing that contrary to recent claims that village cadres are increasingly impotent, some maintain the authority to override widespread objections from villagers.

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